Lignite effects on NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions during composting of manure

Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting

“…This corresponds to the lignite suppressing NH 3 emission, relative to the CT, by 35-54%. The capacity of lignite to suppress NH 3 emission, under large-scale windrow manure composting, has been reported by Bai et al [25]. The lignite suppressed NH 3 emission most likely through the retention of NH 4 + on its exchange site due to its high CEC, especially at the pH ranged (7.2-8.2) observed in this study.…”

“…The emitted CO 2 was excluded in the calculation of the total GHG emitted, as CO 2 is an inevitable product of the composting process. The lower values of 5.4-11.7 g kg −1 DM for total GHG emitted, compared to 33-161 g kg −1 DM [25]; 143-392 g kg −1 DM [62]; 240-401 [63], were attributed to the optimum O 2 levels maintained throughout the composting period. Lignite mitigated the emission of total GHG from the manure by 37-54% primarily through a suppression of NH 3 loss of 35-54% (it was assumed that 1% of the deposited NH 3 will be converted to N 2 O and emitted to the atmosphere [64]).…”

“…Lignite mitigated the emission of total GHG from the manure by 37-54% primarily through a suppression of NH 3 loss of 35-54% (it was assumed that 1% of the deposited NH 3 will be converted to N 2 O and emitted to the atmosphere [64]). Bai et al [25], on the other hand, reported that amending cattle manure with lignite resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in total GHG emissions. The increase in GHG emissions was influenced, however, by the composting method (large-scale windrow with primarily passive aeration method, accomplished through intermittent turning).…”

“…The study, however, did not assess the effect of lignite addition on the emissions of NH 3 and greenhouse gases (GHG) that occur during the composting process. Bai et al [25], who assessed the effect of lignite on gaseous emissions during windrow composting under open field conditions, reported that lignite reduced NH 3 emission by 54%, compared to manure only, but resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in total GHG emissions (N 2 Oand CH 4 ). The increase in GHG emissions was suggested to be due to the lignite creating anaerobic conditions within the windrow (most likely due to the smaller particle size of the lignite, enhanced by the predominantly passive windrow aeration method used).…”

“…The study was conducted using an in-vessel composting system with continuous forced aeration in order to optimise the composting process. Two lignites, one of them similar to the one used by Bai et al [25] and another from a different open cut mine, were used in the preparation of the feedstocks for composting. This was to assess, relative to the unamended manure, if the two lignites affected manure composting differently.…”