Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A Review

Hubbe, Martin A.; Alén, Raimo; Paleologou, Michael; Kannangara, Miyuru; Kihlman, Jonas

doi:10.15376/biores.14.1.hubbe

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One such range is above pH 8, due to the progressive protonation of phenolic hydroxyl groups (p K a = 9–10). The second one is at a pH of about 3 or 4; it is attributed to the protonation of hydroxy carboxylic acid, in which the carboxylic acid is at a carbon adjacent to a C–OH hydroxyl group (p K a = 3–4) . The observed trend in the lignin yield due to the change in the temperature is a primary factor because temperature is an important factor governing the lignin condensation reaction to larger molecules or depolymerization into smaller phenolic compounds in some period of time .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second one is at a pH of about 3 or 4; it is attributed to the protonation of hydroxy carboxylic acid, in which the carboxylic acid is at a carbon adjacent to a C–OH hydroxyl group (p K a = 3–4). 34 The observed trend in the lignin yield due to the change in the temperature is a primary factor because temperature is an important factor governing the lignin condensation reaction to larger molecules or depolymerization into smaller phenolic compounds in some period of time. 28 The mass yield of lignin trends increase with increasing temperature, confirmed by the larger M w of lignin at high temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhanced Performance of Lignin Recovery with a Carbon Dioxide Acidification Method

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin particles were recovered from the bagasse soda pulping black liquor by acidification with carbon dioxide continuously fed in a semibatch reactor. An experimental model based on the response surface methodology was selected to investigate the effect of parameters and optimize the process for maximizing the lignin yield, and the physicochemical properties of the obtained lignin under the optimum conditions were investigated for further potential applications. A total of 15 experimental runs of three controlled parameters including temperature, pressure, and residence time were carried out based on the Box−Behnken design (BBD). The mathematic model for lignin yield prediction was successfully estimated at 99.7% accuracy. Temperature played a more significant role in lignin yield than pressure and residence time. Higher temperature could faciltate a higher lignin yield. Approximately 85 wt % lignin yield was obtained under the optimum conditions with a purity higher than 90%, high thermal stability, and slightly broad molecular weight distribution. The p-hydroxyphenyl−guaiacyl−syringyl (HGS)-type lignin structure and spherical shape were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). These characteristics confirmed that the obtained lignin could be used in high-value products. Moreover, this work indicated that the CO 2 acidification unit for lignin recovery could be efficiently improved for achieving high yield and purity from black liquor by adjustment of the process.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of Lignin Recovery with a Carbon Dioxide Acidification Method

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our results are in good agreement with previously reported data. 35 The aliphatic carboxylic acids represent the other half part of the organic matter. 35 Therefore, the 50 l of black liquor treated during campaigns 1 and 2 contained 7.1 kg (Table 1) and 7.4 kg (Table S2) of lignin, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 The aliphatic carboxylic acids represent the other half part of the organic matter. 35 Therefore, the 50 l of black liquor treated during campaigns 1 and 2 contained 7.1 kg (Table 1) and 7.4 kg (Table S2) of lignin, respectively. The lignin recoveries at the pilot scale were of 63 and 61 wt % (g of eq.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering Lignin in a Real-Case Industrial Kraft Pulp Mill: Pilot-Scale Experiment and Impact on the Mill Commodities

Bertaud

Ottenio

Aubigny

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing industrial Kraft mills can be the basis for the deployment of lignin valorization into added-value products. Lignin can be recovered by its precipitation from black liquors. However, it is of tremendous importance to better determine the impact of lignin extraction on the overall chemical and energy balances of the mill. Therefore, we have sampled the black liquors from an industrial Kraft mill (treating softwood), which is a typical European mill. Lignin has been precipitated by CO2 at a pilot scale in order to quantify the consumption of chemical commodities. Black liquors and lignin cakes were comprehensively characterized in order to evaluate the mineral and organic balances. The experimental results were implemented in a global simulation of the industrial Kraft mill in order to assess the impact of lignin recovery from the black liquor on the chemical and energy balances. The additional consumptions of chemicals are 258–266 kg of H2SO4 and 163–195 kg of NaOH/t of produced lignin. The pulp mill capacity can be increased by 1.5 t of pulp/t of lignin to overcome the steam loss (i.e., 6.7–7.1 t of steam/t of lignin).

show abstract

“…Research has also made progress in two techniques; LignoBoost and Sequential Liquid-lignin Recovery and Purification (SLRP) (Öhman et al 2007, Tomani 2010, Velez and Thies 2013. However, the use of acid to precipitate lignin has been widely practised (Hubbe et al 2019, Ma'ruf et al 2017, Minu et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of lignins isolated from Bamboo organosolv and kraft black liquor

Sadiku¹,

Yusuph²

2023

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bamboo biomass was pulped using organosolv methods: Acetic acid and formic acid; hydrogen peroxide and formic acid; ethanol and water and kraft process with varying concentrations of the cooking chemicals. The properties of the isolated lignin were influenced by the black liquor pH as well as the pulping method. Highest pH (12,8) was recorded for kraft at 70:30 liquor concentration while lowest pH of 2,5 was recorded for both Aceticformic (70:30) and Ethanol/water (70:30 and 60:40). There were obvious differences in the characteristic colours, shapes and sizes of the lignin samples. Bamboo kraft lignin samples formed large pieces much easier than that of Organosolv. Aceticformic (70:30) had the best filteration properties (FC) while Ethanol/water had the poorest. Generally, kraft recorded the highest lignin yield while all the organosolv processes recorded reduced yield. Highest yield (119,25 g/L) was gotten from kraft (50:50) while Peroxyformic (60:40) had the lowest yield of 8,20 g/L. The results showed that higher liquor pH favours total dissolved solid as well as lignin precipitation. As the pH increases, total dissolved solid, yield, Klason and low molecular weight (LMW) lignin content increases while FC decreases. The Klason and LMW lignin content increased with incresing lignin yield.

show abstract

Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A Review

Cited by 57 publications

References 65 publications

Enhanced Performance of Lignin Recovery with a Carbon Dioxide Acidification Method

Enhanced Performance of Lignin Recovery with a Carbon Dioxide Acidification Method

Recovering Lignin in a Real-Case Industrial Kraft Pulp Mill: Pilot-Scale Experiment and Impact on the Mill Commodities

Characterisation of lignins isolated from Bamboo organosolv and kraft black liquor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About