Lignin-Modifying Enzymes of Flavodon flavus , a Basidiomycete Isolated from a Coastal Marine Environment

Abstract

A basidiomycetous fungus Flavodon flavus (Klotzsch) Ryvarden (strain 312), isolated from decaying sea grass from a coral lagoon off the west coast of India, mineralized nearly 24% of14C-labeled synthetic lignin to14CO2 in 24 days. When grown in low-nitrogen medium (2.4 mM N) this fungus produced three major classes of extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs): manganese-dependent peroxidase (MNP), lignin peroxidase (LIP), and laccase. Low MNP and laccase activities were seen in high-nitrogen medium (24 mM N), but no LIP activity was seen. In media containing lignocellulosic substrates such as pine, poplar, or sugarcane bagasse as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, relatively high MNP and moderate levels of laccases were seen, but LIP production either was not seen or was minimal. LME production was also seen in media prepared with artificial seawater. Fast protein liquid chromatography and isoelectric focusing resolved LMEs into four isozymes each of MNP and LIP, while laccase isozymes were resolved into two groups, one group containing seven isozymes (pIs 4 to 6) and the other group containing at least three isozymes (pIs < 3). The molecular masses of the different isozymes were 43 to 99 kDa for MNP, 40 and 41.5 kDa for LIP, and 43 and 99 kDa for laccase. F. flavus showed effective degradation of various dye pollutants in media prepared with or without artificial seawater. This is the first report on the production of all three major classes of LMEs by F. flavus and points to the bioremediation potential of this organism in terrestrial as well as marine environments.

Characteristics and dyes biodegradation potential of crude lignolytic enzymes from white-rot fungus crepidotus variabilis isolated in coastal Tanzania

“…1999). The results were consistent with the work by Raghukumar et al (1999) and Kondo et al (2004) who demonstrated the ability of some coastal and marine fungi to produce major lignocellulolytic enzymes at various culture growth conditions. The amounts of Lac, LiP and MnP are comparable to the amounts produced by the Tanzania's terrestrial fungi (Mtui et al 2003, Mtui andNakamura 2004).…”

Involvement of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes in the Decomposition of Leaf Litter in a Subtropical Forest

“…Some fungi showed twin peaks in their enzyme activities during decomposition, which was similar to the results of some white rot fungi (Arora and Gill 2000;Raghukumar et al 1999;Ruttimann et al 1992). Reappearance of enzyme activity during the later days of leaf litter degradation might be ascribed to fungal autolysis resulting in the release of intracellular enzymes into the culture.…”

Fungal Laccase Production from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation: A Review

“…Novel fungi producing ligninolytic enzymes were isolated from different sources, such as sea grass, mud, herbaceous weed, and mangrove forests [99][100][101][102]. A marine-derived strain, Pestalotiopsis sp.…”