Lignin Biodegradation

Buswell, John A.; Odier, Étienne; Kirk, T. Kent

doi:10.3109/07388558709086984

Cited by 283 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Segundo Platt et al (1984), o complexo enzimático em certos cogumelos do gênero Pleurotus inclui, entre outras enzimas: celulase, celobiase, hemicelulase, ligninase e lacase. A lacase, uma fenoloxidase característica dos basidiomicetos causadores da podridão branca, degrada lignina fenólica e não-fenólica, produzindo ácidos aromáticos (Buswell & Odier, 1987). Platt et al (1981) afirmam que 40 a 50% do conteúdo de lignina pode ser diminuído num período de 35 a 45 dias, cultivando-se Pleurotus sobre palha de arroz, sendo que a degradação da lignina é maior durante a fase inicial de colonização do substrato (corrida do micélio).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus

Schmidt¹,

Wechsler²,

Nascimento³

et al. 2003

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -A inoculação de forragens com fungos lignocelulolíticos é uma opção para melhorar a qualidade destas sem adição de produtos químicos. O tratamento do substrato influencia a ação do fungo e a qualidade final do produto. Neste experimento, aplicaram-se quatro tratamentos (compostagem do feno inteiro, compostagem do feno picado, hidratação do feno em água fria e hidratação do feno em água quente) a um feno de Brachiaria decumbens. Aos tratamentos seguiu-se inoculação com o fungo Pleurotus ostreatus e incubação por 35 dias, sob temperatura controlada. Usou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e medidas repetidas. Amostras foram colhidas semanalmente para acompanhar a degradação do substrato, mediante a análise química do feno. Observou-se aumento linear, com o decorrer do tempo, no teor de proteína bruta (PB) e na proporção de lignina na parede celular (LIG-FDN), e decréscimo linear nos valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), celulose e hemicelulose. Não se observou efeito de tratamento no teor de FDA. Os tratamentos com compostagem apresentaram maiores valores de PB, lignina e LIG-FDN e menores de FDN e hemicelulose. Não se observou diferença entre os tratamentos com hidratação. O tratamento do feno de braquiária com o fungo propiciou degradação da fração fibrosa e aumento no teor de PB, com efeito mais intenso nos tratamentos que usaram compostagem. A ação do fungo foi mais efetiva sobre a hemicelulose que sobre os demais componentes da fibra.Palavras-chave: Brachiaria decumbens, composição química, fibra, produtos "orgânicos", tratamento biológico Pretreatment Effects on Fiber Degradation of Brachiaria Hay by Pleurotus ostreatus FungusABSTRACT -The innoculation of forages with lignocellulolytic fungi is an option for improving quality without adding chemical products. Substrate quality influences fungal activity and endproduct quality. The effects of four treatments (composting of whole hay, composting of chopped hay, soaking in cool water and soaking in hot water) on a Brachiaria decumbens hay were evaluated. The treatments were followed by innoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus fungus and incubation over 35 days, under controlled temperature. A completely randomized design with four replicates and repeated measures was used. Weekly samples were taken to follow substrate degradation through chemical analysis of the hay. A linear increase over time was observed for crude protein (CP) and proportion of lignin in cell walls (LIG-NDF), whereas a linear decrease was observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and hemicellulose contents. No treatment effect on ADF content was observed. The treatments based on composting showed higher CP, lignin and LIG-NDF contents and lower NDF and hemicellulose contents. No difference was observed between the treatments that used soaking. The biological treatment of Brachiaria hay caused degradation of the fibrous fraction and increased CP content, with stronger effect on those treatments that used composting. The fungus was more ef...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus

Schmidt¹,

Wechsler²,

Nascimento³

et al. 2003

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Typical lignin models are the dimeric compounds which have the same linkages as found in lignin. The most important compounds are those with b-aryl ether linkages (Buswell and Odier, 1987;Kirk and Farrell, 1987). Aromatic acids such as veratric acid, vanillic acid and syringic acid have also been used as model compounds.…”

Section: Lignin In Biodegradation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suitable model compounds of lignin are dicult to obtain and there are only a few assays which are suitable for biodegradation studies (Buswell and Odier, 1987).…”

Section: Lignin In Biodegradation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Tuomela

Vikman

Hatakka

et al. 2000

Bioresource Technology

1,022

455

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Composting is nowadays a general treatment method for municipal solid waste. Compostable household waste contains, together with vegetable material, varying amounts of papers and boards. In the European Union composting is regarded as one recycling method for packages and this will probably favour compostable packages, like papers and boards, in the future. Paper is made up of lignocellulose and it may contain up to 20% of lignin. Ecient degradation of papers in composting plants means that biodegradation of lignin is also needed. However, very little is known about lignin degradation by mixed microbial compost populations, although lignin degradation by white-rot fungi has been extensively studied in recent years. Organic material is converted to carbon dioxide, humus, and heat by compost microorganisms. It is assumed that humus is formed mainly from lignin. Thus, lignin is not totally mineralized during composting. The elevated temperatures found during the thermophilic phase are essential for rapid degradation of lignocellulose. Complex organic compounds like lignin are mainly degraded by thermophilic microfungi and actinomycetes. The optimum temperature for thermophilic fungi is 40±50°C which is also the optimum temperature for lignin degradation in compost. Ó

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“…Actinomycetes, which belong to Gram-positive bacteria, are able to colonize solid surfaces due to their mycelial structure. Many bacterial strains, especially actinomycetes, have been shown to depolymerise lignin (Ball et al, 1989;Berrocal et al, 1997), but their ability to mineralize lignin is limited compared to fungi (Buswell and Odier, 1987;Ball et al, 1989;Godden et al, 1992). Gram-negative bacteria are generally considered to grow fast on easily degradable organic matter (Burke et al, 2003;Leckie et al, 2004) whereas Gram-positive bacteria are more related to soil derived carbon (Fierer et al, 2003;Kramer and Gleixner, 2008), which can contain ancient organic matter (Rethemeyer et al, 2005;Kramer and Gleixner, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable effects of labile carbon on the carbon use of different microbial groups in black slate degradation

Seifert¹,

Trumbore²,

Xu³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Weathering of ancient organic matter contributes significantly to biogeochemical carbon cycles over geological times. The principle role of microorganisms in this process is well recognized. However, information is lacking on the contribution of individual groups of microorganisms and on the effect of labile carbon sources to the degradation process. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the degradation process using a column experiment. Investigations were performed on low metamorphic black slates. All columns contained freshly crushed, sieved (0.63-2 mm), not autoclaved black slates. Two columns were inoculated with the lignite-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune and received a culture medium containing 13 C labeled glucose, two columns received only this culture medium and two control columns received only water.The total mass balance was calculated from all carbon added to the slate and the CO 2 and DOC losses. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were extracted to investigate microbial communities. We used both the compound specific 14 C and 13 C signal of the PLFA to quantify carbon uptake from black slates and the glucose of the culture medium, respectively.The total carbon loss in these columns exceeded the amount of added carbon by approximately 60%, indicating that black slate carbon has been used. PLFA associated with Gram-positive bacteria dominated the indigenous community and took up 22% of carbon from black slate carbon, whereas PLFA of Gram-negative bacteria used only 8% of carbon from the slates. PLFA of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were both mostly activated by the glucose addition. The added Schizophyllum did not establish well in the columns and was overgrown by the indigenous microbial community. Our results suggest that especially Gram-positive bacteria are able to live on and degrade black slate material. They also benefit from easy degradable carbon from the nutrient broth. In natural environments priming due to root exudates might consequently enhance weathering.

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Lignin Biodegradation

Cited by 283 publications

References 216 publications

Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus

Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus

Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Variable effects of labile carbon on the carbon use of different microbial groups in black slate degradation

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