Lignin-based adsorbent materials for metal ion removal from wastewater: A review

Research Progress on the Preparation and High-Value Utilization of Lignin Nanoparticles

“…Because of the presence of various active functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, methyl, etc. ), lignin can be chemically modified to obtain lignin-based adsorbent materials with high efficiency and to improve the commercial value of lignin [65].…”

Lignosulfonate-Based Conducting Flexible Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Sensing Applications

“…In particular, industrial (technical) lignin has attracted worldwide attention as it is an abundant biodegradable and renewable resource for the production of biofuels, chemicals, and polymeric materials, with the advantage that it does not compete with food stocks. Lignins have potential as adsorbents for removing metals from water due to their acid sites, namely, carboxylic and phenolic groups [28][29][30], though the phenolic groups exhibit a higher affinity for metal ions than the carboxylic ones [28]. In addition, other functional groups, such as nitrogen-and sulfurcontaining groups that may be present in the lignin structure, can also bind heavy metal ions [29,30].…”

“…Lignins have potential as adsorbents for removing metals from water due to their acid sites, namely, carboxylic and phenolic groups [28][29][30], though the phenolic groups exhibit a higher affinity for metal ions than the carboxylic ones [28]. In addition, other functional groups, such as nitrogen-and sulfurcontaining groups that may be present in the lignin structure, can also bind heavy metal ions [29,30]. In fact, lignin modification with nitrogen-and sulfur-containing functional groups has been used in the design and development of advanced adsorbents [29][30][31][32].…”

“…In addition, other functional groups, such as nitrogen-and sulfurcontaining groups that may be present in the lignin structure, can also bind heavy metal ions [29,30]. In fact, lignin modification with nitrogen-and sulfur-containing functional groups has been used in the design and development of advanced adsorbents [29][30][31][32]. Among different technical lignins, lignosulfonate (LS) is the only abundant lignin source on the market that can be considered potentially interesting for the production of conducting composites.…”

Obtención de biobutanol a partir del residuo sólido de la industria cervecera. Estudio de alternativas y optimización de variables de proceso.

“…La lignina se une covalentemente a la celulosa y al xilano. La función de la lignina es dar soporte estructural, impermeabilidad y resistencia frente a ataques microbiales y el estrés oxidativo (Santander et al, 2021).…”