Lignin as Potent Industrial Biopolymer: An Introduction

Sharma, Swati; Sharma, Abhishek; Mulla, Sikandar I.; Pant, Deepak; Sharma, Taruna; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40663-9_1

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Recently, polymers attained from renewable resources such as agarose, alginate, chitosan, and cellulose from marine algae, brown algae, crustacean skeleton, bacteria, and plants have engrossed much attention owing to their abundance and interesting properties such as biodegradability, nontoxicity, flexibility, and availability of several active sites for incorporating new functionalities [ 91 , 92 ]. To date, renewable polymeric matrices, like gelatin, starch, alginate, pectin, cellulose, and chitosan are commonly used for enzyme immobilization [ 36 , 93–95 ].…”

Section: Polymeric Matrices Immobilized Enzymes For Industrial Bio-ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications

et al. 2022

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Enzymes of commercial importance, such as lipase, amylase, laccase, phytase, carbonic anhydrase, pectinase, maltase, glucose oxidase etc ., show multifunctional features and have been extensively used in several fields including fine chemicals, environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, energy, food industry, agriculture and nutraceutical etc . The deployment of biocatalyst in harsh industrial conditions has some limitations, such as poor stability. These drawbacks can be overcome by immobilizing the enzyme in order to boost the operational stability, catalytic activity along with facilitating the reuse of biocatalyst. Nowadays, functionalized polymers and composites have gained increasing attention as an innovative material for immobilizing the industrially important enzyme. The different types of polymeric materials and composites are pectin, agarose, cellulose, nanofibers, gelatin, and chitosan. The functionalization of these materials enhances the loading capacity of the enzyme by providing more functional groups to the polymeric material and hence enhancing the enzyme immobilization efficiency. However, appropriate coordination among the functionalized polymeric materials and enzymes of interest plays an important role in producing emerging biocatalysts with improved properties. The optimal coordination at a biological, physical, and chemical level is requisite to develop an industrial biocatalyst. Bio-catalysis has become vital aspect in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for synthesis of value-added chemicals. The present review describes the current advances in enzyme immobilization on functionalized polymers and composites. Furthermore, the applications of immobilized enzymes in various sectors including bioremediation, biosensor and biodiesel are also discussed.

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Section: Polymeric Matrices Immobilized Enzymes For Industrial Bio-ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications

et al. 2022

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“…Also, it is characterized by its high redox potential (about 1.2 V at pH 3) in the presence of H 2 O 2 , which allows the oxidation of various aromatic and non‐phenolic compounds, with or without mediators 33,74 . In addition to lignin depolymerization, LiP is active in delignification due to its efficiency in removing lignin from lignocellulosic biomass 79,80 . In general, what differentiates LiP from classical peroxidases is the fact that LiP oxidizes aromatic rings that are activated by electron‐donating substrates, whereas classical peroxidases act only on already activated aromatic substrates 81 …”

Section: Wrf and Their Lmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin‐modifying enzymes: a green and environmental responsive technology for organic compound degradation

Vilar

Bilal

Bharagava

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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The applications of enzymes have reached an increasing prominence in the scenario of biocatalysis, stimulated mainly by advances in biotechnological processes to obtain products of high added value. The justification for this is the relevant growth of industrial activities that promote the production of various organic contaminants. Thus, enzymes offer the potential to improve industrial processes used in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, pulp and paper sectors. Specifically, the lignin‐modifying enzymes (LMEs) produced by white rot fungi are versatile biocatalysts. Due to their high specificity, a higher yield of biotechnological processes can be achieved, allowing one to obtain biodegradable products and reducing the amount of waste generated. Thus, evaluating the ligninolytic capacity of these enzymes can be a practical approach from the point of view of bioremediation to develop sustainable procedures in the treatment of recalcitrant organic compounds. In this context, this review provides an overview of the use of LMEs in industrial applicability, as well as their potential in contaminant degradation. Besides, this approach emerges to elucidate further the mechanisms of action and properties of LMEs, which have been gaining relevance in the context of lignocellulosic biorefinery. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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“…The convergence precision of the geometric optimization was set to fine for high accuracy in calculation, using specific parameters of 1.0 × 10 −5 eV atom −1 for total To determine the most stable geometrical isomer of lignin molecules, four types of isomers were considered and thermodynamic energies for four structures were calculated. 24 Hydroxyl functional groups are contained in the molecular structure of lignin, and these functional groups can be the main adsorption site between lignin molecules and the aluminum surface. 46 Based on the four adsorption mechanisms, adsorption of organic molecules at the anode/electrolyte interface may take place due to the electrostatic attraction force.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin is the second-most abundant biopolymer on earth. 24 Lignin is a three-dimensional biopolymer with a complex and nonuniform structure with aliphatic and aromatic constituents including hydroxyl, carboxyl, benzyl alcohol, methoxy, and aldehyde functional groups (Figure S1). Lignin also has a relatively large surface area of 180 m 2 g −1 , which makes it suitable as an organic inhibitor that prevents the self-corrosion reaction in aluminum−air cell systems when combined with the properties of its functional groups.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent Coffee Grounds as Eco-Friendly Additives for Aluminum–Air Batteries

2021

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A new approach to the recycling of spent coffee grounds is described in which lignin, a chemical component of spent coffee, is used as an electrolyte additive in aluminum–air batteries. The effect of lignin on the performance of aluminum–air batteries has been investigated by weight loss measurement, galvanostatic discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The corrosion inhibition efficiency is improved up to 37.3% and fuel efficiency up to 21.7% at 500 ppm of lignin molecules. The chemisorption of lignin molecules on the aluminum surface improves battery performance. Adsorption of lignin molecules onto the aluminum surface is driven by the electrostatic interaction between the lignin’s hydroxyl group and the aluminum surface. The mechanism for the performance improvement is explained by the chemisorption behavior of lignin molecules. The adsorption behavior has been investigated by scanning electronic microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and the computational calculation of adsorption energies based on the density functional theory (DFT).

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Lignin as Potent Industrial Biopolymer: An Introduction

Cited by 24 publications

References 82 publications

Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications

Mechano-chemical and biological energetics of immobilized enzymes onto functionalized polymers and their applications

Lignin‐modifying enzymes: a green and environmental responsive technology for organic compound degradation

Spent Coffee Grounds as Eco-Friendly Additives for Aluminum–Air Batteries

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