Lignin as an Active Biomaterial: A Review

Solihat, Nissa Nurfajrin; Sari, Fahriya Puspita; Falah, Faizatul; Ismayati, Maya; Fatriasari, Widya; Santoso, Erdy; Syafii, Wasrin

doi:10.23960/jsl191-22

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…The economical consideration of lignin isolation from BL includes recovery yield, purification, non-uniform structure, and unique reactivity [ 5 ]. The three main phenolic hydroxyl precursors in lignin are coniferyl alcohol (G), p-coumaryl alcohol (H), and sinapyl alcohol (S), which are linked to each other mostly by aryl ether linkage (β-O-4′) [ 6 , 7 ]. The actual properties of lignin, such as thermal stability, reactivity, molecular distribution, and solubility, depend on the ratio of these aromatic units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Properties of Acacia mangium Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites

Solihat¹,

Santoso

Karimah

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The efficient isolation process and understanding of lignin properties are essential to determine key features and insights for more effective lignin valorization as a renewable feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals including wood adhesives. This study successfully used dilute acid precipitation to recover lignin from black liquor (BL) through a single-step and ethanol-fractionated-step, with a lignin recovery of ~35% and ~16%, respectively. The physical characteristics of lignin, i.e., its morphological structure, were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical properties of the isolated lignin were characterized using comprehensive analytical techniques such as chemical composition, solubility test, morphological structure, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), elucidation structure by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The fingerprint analysis by FTIR detected the unique peaks corresponding to lignin, such as C=C and C-O in aromatic rings, but no significant differences in the fingerprint result between both lignin. The 1H and 13C NMR showed unique signals related to functional groups in lignin molecules such as methoxy, aromatic protons, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid. The lower insoluble acid content of lignin derived from fractionated-step (69.94%) than single-step (77.45%) correlated to lignin yield, total phenolic content, solubility, thermal stability, and molecular distribution. It contradicted the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) units’ ratio where ethanol fractionation slightly increased syringyl unit content, increasing the S/G ratio. Hence, the fractionation step affected more rupture and pores on the lignin morphological surface than the ethanol-fractionated step. The interrelationships between these chemical and physicochemical as well as different isolation methods were investigated. The results obtained could enhance the wider industrial application of lignin in manufacturing wood-based composites with improved properties and lower environmental impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Properties of Acacia mangium Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites

Solihat¹,

Santoso

Karimah

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Lignin is a polyaromatic macromolecule acting as the natural binder in wood [40][41][42]. It is also the second most abundant organic polymer in the world, surpassed only by cellulose [43,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

Valchev

Yordanov

Savov

et al. 2021

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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This research was aimed at studying the potential of using residual lignin from acid hydrolysis as a binder in manufacturing eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards. For that purpose, a modification of the adhesive system and hot-pressing regime was conducted. The adhesive system applied was composed of 2 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin (based on the dry fibres). The PF resin does not only act as a binder but generally contributes to the even distribution and good retention of the main binder – hydrolysis lignin. A specific hot-pressing cycle was used. In the first stage, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, followed by an increased pressure of 4.0 MPa, and subsequent cooling. The purpose of the initial lower pressure was softening the lignin and reduction of the material moisture content. The effect of the second stage of hot-pressing on the properties of eco-friendly fibreboards was investigated. It was determined that the fibreboards produced with 2 % PF resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin have similar physical and mechanical properties to those of the control panels, produced with 10 % PF resin at a standard hot-pressing cycle. The findings of this work demonstrate that residual hydrolysis lignin can be effectively utilized as a binder in the production of eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards with acceptable physical and mechanical properties.

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“…Binder-less fiber board with a high lignin content could be used as an adhesive source. It could also be extracted for use in high-value products including adhesives, biosurfactants, antibacterial agents, fine chemicals, lignosulfonate, and so on [1,[153][154][155][156][157].…”

Section: Technological Perspective Of Natural Fibers Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Natural Fibers: Technological and Socio-Economical Aspects

et al. 2021

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Asian countries have abundant resources of natural fibers, but unfortunately, they have not been optimally utilized. The facts showed that from 2014 to 2020, there was a shortfall in meeting national demand of over USD 2.75 million per year. Therefore, in order to develop the utilization and improve the economic potential as well as the sustainability of natural fibers, a comprehensive review is required. The study aimed to demonstrate the availability, technological processing, and socio-economical aspects of natural fibers. Although many studies have been conducted on this material, it is necessary to revisit their potential from those perspectives to maximize their use. The renewability and biodegradability of natural fiber are part of the fascinating properties that lead to their prospective use in automotive, aerospace industries, structural and building constructions, bio packaging, textiles, biomedical applications, and military vehicles. To increase the range of applications, relevant technologies in conjunction with social approaches are very important. Hence, in the future, the utilization can be expanded in many fields by considering the basic characteristics and appropriate technologies of the natural fibers. Selecting the most prospective natural fiber for creating national products can be assisted by providing an integrated management system from a digitalized information on potential and related technological approaches. To make it happens, collaborations between stakeholders from the national R&D agency, the government as policy maker, and academic institutions to develop national bioproducts based on domestic innovation in order to move the circular economy forward are essential.

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Lignin as an Active Biomaterial: A Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 95 publications

Physical and Chemical Properties of Acacia mangium Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites

Physical and Chemical Properties of Acacia mangium Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

A Comprehensive Review on Natural Fibers: Technological and Socio-Economical Aspects

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