Lightweight Gypsum Based Materials: Methods of Preparation and Utilization

Abstract

Although gypsum is one of the most environmentally friendly building binders, its use in the buildings is relatively limited and therefore the broadening of the gypsum product portfolio is desirable. One possibility is the development of the lightweight gypsum materials with better thermal insulation properties, attractive acoustic properties and also lower transportation costs. The lightweight gypsum materials can be used in a similar way as an aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC), whose energy consumption at production is several times higher.The main methods of the preparation of gypsum-based lightweight materials are described and compared. Gypsum can be lightened indirectly by the lightweight filler or directly. In the directly lightened materials, the pores are introduced into the gypsum material either by some chemical reaction producing gas or by the help of surface active substances. For the chemical lightening a large scale of waste products can be used. Lightening by the help of waste stone powder is described in detail. The materials with the properties comparable with the properties of AAC were prepared. Their bulk density was under 600 kg/m 3 , compressive strength was about 2 MPa and coefficient of thermal conductivity was under 0.2 W/m.K.Lightweight gypsum materials can be used as a thermal insulating blocks, for the lightweight gypsum boards, partitions blocks, lightweight fire-resistant plasters or thermal-insulating plasters.

A review on calcium-rich industrial wastes: a sustainable source of raw materials in India for civil infrastructure—opportunities and challenges to bond circular economy

“…Large amount of polymers can be used with different gypsum wastes such as foamed polystyrene (new or recycled), waste polyamide powder (generated in industrial laser sintering process) and waste granulated polyurethane foam (from automobile and construction industry) were also tested. Granulated rubber waste (used in insulation pipe foam) was recycled with gypsum to make LAC [117][118][119][120].…”

Management of Solid Waste Marble Powder: Improving Quality of Sodium Chloride Obtained From Sulphate Rich Lake/Subsoil Brines With Simultaneous Recovery of High Purity Gypsum and Light Basic Magnesium Carbonate

“…Out of the total production in India, approximately 85% is quarried from Rajasthan state generating roughly around 5-6 Million Metric Tons of MSD slurry every year. Various options, such as utilization in cement manufacturing (Aruntaş et al, 2010;Ashish et al, 2016;Khichi, 2017;Toubal Seghir et al, 2019), production of synthetic gypsum through chemical reaction (DOLEŽELOVÁ et al, 2017;Krejsová et al, 2019), utilization in road construction (Chandra et al, 2002;Rai et al, 2020) as a low cost binder, (Khan et al, 2020) or in brick manufacturing (Emir et al, 2011;Gencel et al, 2012;ur Rehman, 2014) have been explored to manage this huge inorganic waste in a productive manner. However, utilization of MDP for improving the quality of solar salt with simultaneous production of gypsum from high sulphate rich brines, such as Rajasthan lake brines has not been explored so far.…”

Lightweight Gypsum Materials with Potential Use for Thermal Insulations

“…Another material which can be used for the development of cost-effective light weight porous materials with good thermal and acoustical insulation properties is gypsum [4,10].…”

“…Nowadays, one of the main utilizations of gypsum binder is the production of gypsum plasterboards (dry-walls) [11,12]; another utilization of gypsum binder is to produce thermal and sound insulation materials [4,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. According to Dolezelova et al [10], gypsum-based light materials can be used in construction to replace autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and the energy consumption for the manufacture of gypsum materials is lower as compared with the one used for the manufacture of AAC.…”

“…The thermal insulation materials based on gypsum can be obtained either by its mixing with lightweight aggregates, including various waste such as expanded polystyrene [18], rubber, polyurethane foam and chopped electric cables waste [15,16], or direct foaming using various types of gas generators (aluminum sulphate with citric acid, calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate [4,13,14]). The thermal conductivity of this type of materials can vary from 0.085 up to 0.416 W/(m.K) depending on the nature and dosage of the additions and the assessment method [4,10,14,15].…”