Lightweight, compressible and electrically conductive polyurethane sponges coated with synergistic multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene for piezoresistive sensors

Ma, Zhonglei; Wei, Ajing; Ma, Jianzhong; Shao, Liang; Jiang, Huie; Dong, Diandian; Ji, Zhanyou; Wang, Qian; Kang, Songlei

doi:10.1039/c8nr00004b

Cited by 247 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…In addition, their scalable production makes for an attractive choice for practical implementation [21]. Recently, researchers have developed several porous materials as templates to generate 3D graphene porous structures, such as polymer sponges (including polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) [73][74][75][76][77][78], various fabrics [79][80][81], cellulose paper [82], multilayer silk [83], all kinds of metal foams [84][85][86], and others [87][88][89].…”

Section: Graphene Tactile Sensors Using 3d Porous Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

et al. 2019

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HIGHLIGHTS• Tremendous progress has been advanced by research into graphene and its derivatives with great benefits toward low-cost, portable, and real-time tactile sensors/electronic skin.• The review presented herein direct future efforts aimed at high-quality graphene-based tactile sensors and their implications for the wider scientific community.• The paper also are informative regarding some basic and crucial issues regarding graphene and its derivatives, such as charge-transport principles, doping/trapping behaviors, correlations between structure/morphology and properties/functions.ABSTRACT Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations. Recently, the development of electronic skin (E-skin) for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems, advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-of graphene materials; (2) state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing, including representative examples; and (3) perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.

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Section: Graphene Tactile Sensors Using 3d Porous Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic of the MWNT-RGO flakewrapped PU foam with the magnified image of its individual skeleton at three stages, without pressure, at low pressure, and at high pressure (The bottom panel). Reproduced with permission from Ref [77]…”

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confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Various works have been reported to improve the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors, most of which have been focused on increasing the sensitivity 3a,7. For instance, microstructuring of the piezoresistive element into porous structure,4b,8 pyramids,7a,9 microdomes3d,10 have been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity, which has been attributed to the decrease in the compressive modulus 7a,11. Porous structures, in particular, was utilized in various pressure sensors due to their facile fabrication process and scalability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Uniform and Low Hysteresis Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Based on Chemical Grafting of Polypyrrole on Elastomer Template with Uniform Pore Size

Kim

et al. 2019

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Piezoresistive pressure sensors based on elastomer-conductive material composite is particularly promising due to their many advantages such as simple readout circuit, low crosstalk, low susceptibility to electromagnetic pick-up, and low-cost and simple fabrication process. [5a,6] Various works have been reported to improve the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors, most of which have been focused on increasing the sensitivity. [3a,7] For instance, microstructuring of the piezoresistive element into porous structure, [4b,8] pyramids, [7a,9] microdomes [3d,10] have been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity, which has been attributed to the decrease in the compressive modulus. [7a,11] Porous structures, in particular, was utilized in various pressure sensors due to their facile fabrication process and scalability. Porous structure can be fabricated either by filling a 3D template such as sugar, [12] nickel foam [13] with an elastomer and subsequently etching away the template, or by mixing aqueous and oil solutions to form an emulsion and removing the solvents. [4b,14] Despite its significance, maximizing sensitivity in composite-based piezoresistive pressure sensors is not necessary for many applications (i.e., often moderate levels are sufficient). On the other hand, sensor-to-sensor uniformity and hysteresis are two properties that are of critical importance to realize any application. In fact, without assuring high uniformity and low hysteresis, using the sensor in a practical setting is unrealistic. However, there is currently a lack of reported work that specifically addresses these issues. As far as it is known, no quantitative assessment of sensor-to-sensor uniformity (error bars are sometimes included in the sensor performance plots but are not specifically addressed) or hysteresis was reported in composite-based piezoresistive pressure sensors. The importance of sensor-to-sensor uniformity is obvious. If sensors with largely varying characteristics are used together as an array, each sensor has to be individually calibrated, making accurate measurement impractical with increasing number of sensors. Hysteresis, which is the difference in the output signal under loading and unloading of pressure, also causes inaccuracy in measurement. Hysteresis is especially problematic in piezoresistive sensors, which originates from weak interactions Sensor-to-sensor variability and high hysteresis of composite-based piezoresistive pressure sensors are two critical issues that need to be solved to enable their practical applicability. In this work, a piezoresistive pressure sensor composed of an elastomer template with uniformly sized and arranged pores, and a chemically grafted conductive polymer film on the surface of the pores is presented. Compared to sensors composed of randomly sized pores, which had a coefficient of variation (CV) in relative resistance change of 69.65%, our sensors exhibit much higher uniformity with a CV of 2.43%. This result is corroborated with finite element simulation, w...

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“…Organic-based electrode-materials can ensure the safety and cycle performance of a lithium secondary battery, and have the characteristics of bendable deformation, high specific energy, wide operating temperature range, long storage life, small self-discharge, and no memory effect, and can be used according to requirements [1][2][3][4][5]. Charge and discharge do not reduce battery performance, among other advantages [6,7]. Various organic molecules have been examined toward obtaining organic-based electrodes, such as conducting polymers, electron-donor/acceptor molecules, metal-clusters, and organic radical molecules [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a TEMPO-Substituted Polyacrylamide Bearing a Sulfonate Sodium Pendant and Its Properties in an Organic Radical Battery

Zhu

Tuo

et al. 2019

Polymers

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A novel nitroxyl radical polymer poly(TEMPO-acrylamide-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) (abbreviated as poly(TAm-co-SSS)) was synthesized using 4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidine (AATP) copolymerized with styrene sulfonate sodium (SSS). AATP was synthesized through a substitution reaction of acryloyl chloride. Meanwhile, poly(4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-nitroxyl radical) (PTAm) was prepared as a control sample. Then, the structures of products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and the charge-discharge cycling properties were studied. The results demonstrated that the poly(TAm-co-SSS) with the side group of sodium sulfonate adjacent to TEMPO group exhibits a better charge-discharge cycling stability than that of the PTAm. Moreover, the charge specific capacity of the poly(TAm-co-SSS) is larger than that of the PTAm. Besides, the first coulombic efficiency of poly(TAm-co-SSS) is higher in comparison with that of PTAm. These superior electrochemical performances were ascribed to the synergistic effect of sulfonate ions group and nitroxyl radical structure, which benefits the improvement of charge carrier transportation of the nitroxyl radical polymers. Consequently, the nitroxyl radical poly(TAm-co-SSS) is promising for use in organic radical battery materials, based on the good electrochemical properties. such as nitroxide, phenoxyl, and galvinoxyl radicals. Due to the fact that radical polymers are completely amorphous and lack π-conjugation, charge transport occurs locally and through a reversible oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction mechanism, the radical polymers are expected to become a new generation of electrode materials [11,12].As a typical radical polymer, poly(4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-nitroxyl radical) (PTAm) indicates that it can be used as a novel, metal-free cathode material or long-period rechargeable devices [13,14]. Moreover, the stable amphoteric nitroxide block copolymers which were synthesized by block copolymerization were promising to be used as the EPR probes for bioimaging in vivo [15]. The electrochemical properties of the PTAm have been studied to confirm its potential for application in new electrode materials [16,17]. However, although good cyclability was usually reported [18][19][20], the TEMPO-substituted polyacrylamide was generally soluble in the electrolyte, leading to loss of capacity over time [21]. Crosslinking of the polymer was then a suitable option to improve the charge-discharge cycling stability [22]. In order to improve electrical properties of organic electronic polymers as electrode materials, ion-bearing repeat units were intentionally added to the macromolecular architecture of PTMA...

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Lightweight, compressible and electrically conductive polyurethane sponges coated with synergistic multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene for piezoresistive sensors

Cited by 247 publications

References 50 publications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Highly Uniform and Low Hysteresis Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Based on Chemical Grafting of Polypyrrole on Elastomer Template with Uniform Pore Size

Synthesis of a TEMPO-Substituted Polyacrylamide Bearing a Sulfonate Sodium Pendant and Its Properties in an Organic Radical Battery

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