The
present work demonstrates the microwave-assisted synthesis
of two different structural morphologies containing nickel oxide nanoparticles
(NiO NPs) embedded in nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co-doped reduced
graphene oxide (NS-rGO) nanosheets. The synthesized NiO anchored on
NS-rGO nanosheets (NS-rGO-NiO composites) and NiO covered by NS-rGO
nanosheets (NS-rGO:NiO composites) were used as an application in
electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). The
EMI SE studies reveal that NS-rGO:NiO composites show improved performance
as compared to NS-rGO-NiO composites. In NS-rGO:NiO composites, the
covered surface of NiO NPs by conducting NS-rGO nanosheets helps to
improve the EMI SE application. The synthesized composite materials
were extensively characterized using various techniques including
scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,
X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy,
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Binding energy of N/S element
in rGO nanosheets were analyzed by XPS and it is confirmed that the
N atoms were present in three states in carbon skeleton of NS-rGO
nanosheets as pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic states; however,
S atoms were present in single state as C–S–C configuration.
The as synthesized NS-rGO:NiO composites reveal good performance for
EMI applications and demonstrate the SE value of more than ∼21
dB at thickness of 1.1 mm film of NS-rGO:NiO composites in microwave
X-band range (8.2–12.4 GHz).