Lightweight and Flexible Bi@Bi-La Natural Leather Composites with Superb X-ray Radiation Shielding Performance and Low Secondary Radiation

Abstract

A high-shielding, low secondary radiation, lightweight, flexible, and wearable X-ray protection material was prepared by coimpregnating La 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles in natural leather (NL) with an additional Bi 2 O 3 coating at the bottom surface of the leather. The prepared Bi 28.2 @Bi 3.48 La 3.48 −NL (28.2 and 3.48 mmol•cm −3 are the loading contents of elements) showed excellent X-ray shielding ability (65−100%) in a wide energy range of 20−120 keV with reduced scattered secondary radiation (30%). The bottom surface coating played a critical role in enhancing the X-ray attenuation and reducing the scattered secondary radiation by reflecting and deflecting incident X-ray photons. Excellent mechanical property with superb bending resistance of the NL matrix was properly maintained, and its tensile strength and tearing load were 15.39 MPa and 25.81 N•mm −1 , respectively. This lightweight and wearable high-performance protection material can facilitate safety and comfortability during intensive activities of practitioners in the health care industry.

Recent Advances in the Development and Antimicrobial Applications of Metal–Phenolic Networks

“…Shi and his co‐worker self‐assembled catechin with rare‐earth ions (La 3+ , Gd 3+ , Yb 3+ ) on the surface of polyamide (PA) membranes, synergistically prevented the adhesion of P. aeruginosa and the subsequent biofilm formation (Figure 4b). [ 79 ] Similarly, Cu 2+ has been reported could chelate with TA or polypamine, resulting in a MPN coating with antimicrobial ability, superior antioxidant properties, and anti‐inflammatory properties, as well as excellent biocompatiblity beneficial for blood contact biomedical devices (Figure 4c). [ 97 ] In Yu's work, they also utilized TA for rapid chelation with Cu 2+ to form a TA/Cu‐PEG composite membrane together with PEG.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 79 ] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. C) Preparation of copper‐catechin‐based coatings.…”

“…The MPN system has been widely used as thin films and coatings, to confer antibacterial or anti‐inflammatory activities, harmful substances filtration, or water–oil separation ability, improve biocompatibility, or as drug carriers and even dyeing of wigs. [ 79,96,99–103 ] The gallol groups on natural polyphenols can chelate with a variety of metal ions to form MPNs, and the multihydroxyl structure serving as hydrogen bonding acceptors and donors, enabling polyphenols to interact with a wide range of bioactive substances and also to be easily coated on various hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. [ 40,101,104,105 ] Thus‐obtained MPN coatings often have excellent antimicrobial performance.…”

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of X-ray-Shielding Barium Sulfate Film for Medical Diagnosis Using PET Recycling and Multi-Carrier Principles

“…Radiation-shielding films are manufactured through extrusion molding, calendering, coating, and injection molding. Additionally, a laminate processing method is used, wherein several films are laminated together [14][15][16][17]. An important problem in this process is the low reproducibility of the shielding performance of the film, which is caused by pinholes produced in the manufacturing process [18].…”

Electrospun Tungsten‐Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Mats for Medical Radiation‐Shielding Applications

“…Although lead‐based protecting sheets have been widely marketed due to the low cost and shielding efficiency, their potential toxicity and environmental concern stimulate to seek for alternative materials. To avoid any adverse effects associated with lead (e. g., lead poisoning) on the natural environment and human health during manufacturing process, regular usage, and disposal of the shielding products, [12,26,27,29,33–35] much less toxic elements from high atomic numbers such as tungsten, bismuth, and barium are of great alternatives as shielding components [36–38] . Among these, tungsten with a particularly high density (19.25 g/cm 3 ) and low chemical reactivity can be properly fabricated to serve as a substitute for lead [7,34] .…”