Lights on! A significant photoenhancement effect on ATRP by ambient laboratory light

Zhang, Tao; Gieseler, Dan; Jordan, Rainer

doi:10.1039/c5py01858g

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…50% to activator regeneration while at higher concentration of AIBN, 0.2 equiv with respect to ATRP initiator, the contribution dropped to ca. 15%.The effects of ambient light on normal and ARGET ATRP were also investigated [94]. An enhancement in polymerization rate was observed with ambient light under normal ATRP conditions, but not under ARGET ATRP conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photomediated controlled radical polymerization

Pan

Taşdelen

Laun

et al. 2016

Progress in Polymer Science

587

421

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Photomediated controlled radical polymerization is a versatile method to prepare, under mild conditions, various well-defined polymers with complex architecture, such block and graft copolymers, sequence-controlled polymers, or hybrid materials via surface-initiated polymerization. It also provides opportunity to manipulate the reaction through spatiotemporal control. This review presents a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of various Photomediated CRP techniques, including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) and other procedures. In addition, mechanistic aspects of other photomediated methods are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photomediated controlled radical polymerization

Pan

Taşdelen

Laun

et al. 2016

Progress in Polymer Science

587

421

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“…[58][59][60] Subsequently, it was discovered that photopolymerization also occurs in the absence of added photoinitiator. [61,62] The photochemical process was originally proposed to occur through an activation of the Cu I activator complex, [63,64] and a dissociation of the Cu II -halogen bond in the excited state, [30,61,65] although subsequent studies showed the need for external electron donors (amines). [54] This leads to a revised mechanism with an excited state reaction between Cu II and amines, leading to oxidation of the amine to a N-centered radical cation, and a reduction of the Cu II complex to a Cu I species.…”

Section: Mechanistic Considerations In Photoinduced Atrp (Photoatrp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry for Well‐Defined Polymers in Aqueous Media: From Fundamentals to Polymer Nanoparticles to Bioconjugates

Burridge

Wright

Page

et al. 2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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This review article highlights recent developments in the field of photochemistry and photochemical reversible deactivation radical polymerization applied to aqueous polymerizations. Photochemistry is a topic of significant interest in the fields of organic, polymer, and materials chemistry because it allows challenging reactions to be performed under mild conditions. Aqueous polymerization is of significant interest because water is an environmentally benign solvent, and the use of water enables complex polymer self-assembly and bioconjugation processes to occur. This review focuses on powerful new developments in photochemical aqueous polymerization reactions and their applications to the synthesis of well-defined polymer nano-objects and bioconjugates. It is anticipated that these aqueous photopolymerizations will enable the next generation of self-assembled structures and biohybrid materials to be developed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions.

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“…Choi et al [12] used ATRP to conjugate osteogenic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), to a titanium surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-methacrylate. Although researchers are hesitant to use ATRP for biomedical applications due to slow reaction times and residual impurities from use of metal catalysts [11,13], Rainier et al [14][15][16] introduced photo accelerated ATRP which has been joined by metal-free ATRP reactions [13,16]. The attachment of proteins containing integrin-binding RGD sequences facilitate improved biocompatibility through stronger cell attachment to implant surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methacrylate Coatings for Titanium Surfaces to Optimize Biocompatibility

2020

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Currently, there are more than 1.5 million knee and hip replacement procedures carried out in the United States. Implants have a 10–15-year lifespan with up to 30% of revision surgeries showing complications with osteomyelitis. Titanium and titanium alloys are the favored implant materials because they are lightweight and have high mechanical strength. However, this increased strength can be associated with decreased bone density around the implant, leading to implant loosening and failure. To avoid this, current strategies include plasma-spraying titanium surfaces and foaming titanium. Both techniques give the titanium a rough and irregular finish that improves biocompatibility. Recently, researchers have also sought to surface-conjugate proteins to titanium to induce osteointegration. Cell adhesion-promoting proteins can be conjugated to methacrylate groups and crosslinked using a variety of methods. Methacrylated proteins can be conjugated to titanium surfaces through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). However, surface conjugation of proteins increases biocompatibility non-specifically to bone cells, adding to the risk of biofouling which may result in osteomyelitis that causes implant failure. In this work, we analyze the factors contributing to biofouling when coating titanium to improve biocompatibility, and design an experimental scheme to evaluate optimal coating parameters.

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Lights on! A significant photoenhancement effect on ATRP by ambient laboratory light

Abstract: The influence of ambient laboratory light from common fluorescent lamps on AGET, ARGET, and classical ATRP reactions was investigated and significant differences were found except for ARGET ATRP.

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Photomediated controlled radical polymerization

Photomediated controlled radical polymerization

Photochemistry for Well‐Defined Polymers in Aqueous Media: From Fundamentals to Polymer Nanoparticles to Bioconjugates

Methacrylate Coatings for Titanium Surfaces to Optimize Biocompatibility

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