Lightning Performance of Copper-Mesh Clad Composite Panels: Test and Simulation

Hu, Ting; Yu, Xiongqing

doi:10.3390/coatings9110727

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…5 The LPS of blades relies on their dielectric structural strength and on the performance of their protection systems, whose effectivity is required to be tested to validate the design. 5,[9][10][11][12] A good LPS intercepts and conducts the lightning discharge through the blade to the hub without any damage that would compromise the safe operation of the blade. Its surface protection is typically based on air-terminations, which conduct the lightning energy directly to the down-conductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon fiber and thermoplastic resin on laminates under lightning and dielectric strength tests

Saenz,

del Rio,

Venegas

2023

Polymer Composites

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The incorporation of carbon fiber (CF) and thermoplastic resin in wind turbine rotor‐blade represents a challenge for lightning events because CF conducts electricity and the behavior of thermoplastic resins is not well known. A comparative study with laminates with epoxy or thermoplastic resins was performed, using lightning and dielectric strength tests. Lightning tests revealed that resins behaved similarly; the current preferentially flowed in fiber direction and in zones with high contact between fibers (e.g., criss‐crossed fibers at panel edges); the level of through‐thickness damage was inversely related to panel thickness; current flow did not affect the tensile properties in fiber direction, but produced a drop in bending strength; the adequate integration of earth terminals in CF laminates was critical for a proper lightning discharge. In dielectric tests, it was concluded that panels with glass fiber covering CF laminates behaved as through‐thickness insulators; the thermoplastic reduced the laminate's dielectric strength, while the incorporation of CF, or laminate aging in a salt spray chamber showed no difference. Electrical resistance tests showed that the results were not dependent on the type of resin, but on the level of fiber‐to‐fiber and fiber‐to‐terminal contact. The lowest linear resistance was obtained in the longitudinal fiber direction, followed by the transverse and through‐thickness ones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon fiber and thermoplastic resin on laminates under lightning and dielectric strength tests

Saenz,

del Rio,

Venegas

2023

Polymer Composites

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“…Sequences of lightning tests of composite materials are usually arranged in high voltage (HV) laboratories [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The application of special generators allows the behavior of a particular material to be checked for repeatable artificial lightning strokes [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are lightweight and an increasingly used material with good mechanical properties. In the aviation industry, they are also required to have specific electrical properties that guarantee resistance to the direct and indirect lightning effects. The paper is focused on the description of a test stand and development of a method used to determine the electrical characteristics of conductive CFRP laminate samples with the use of high current impulses of lightning nature. Samples of three laminates (square format with side 30 × 30 cm) with a different composition were tested on the constructed stand, confirming the possibility of characterizing this type of laminate sample in terms of electrical conductivity and resistance to the effects of lightning current. It was possible to observe the impulse current flow (with a peak value up to 15 kA and a rise time above 6 µs) from the high voltage electrode placed in the center of the sample in all directions towards the edge. The optical fiber measuring system was used to record the voltage and current time waveforms. The energy stored in the impulse current generator was sufficient to simulate the mechanical damage, such as burnout and delamination, that accompanies the direct lightning strike to structural elements made of CFRP. The influence of the matrix composition used for laminate fabrication on the test results describing the electrical properties of the tested CFRP samples was noted. The experimental setup allows the testing of specimens with a maximum width and length of 50 × 50 cm and any thickness with a peak current of up to 50 kA.

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“…Therefore, providing adequate lightning protection for the airplane is crucial [9]. Improvement of CFRPs surface electrical conductivity and LSP can be achieved by introducing meshes or foils made of aluminum or copper on the surface of the CFRPs structures [10,11], which can lead to increasing the mass of the composite components [12]. Hence, a more promising solution seems to be the use of carbon particles [13,14], especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their properties, i.e., very high electrical conductivity, low density, and high aspect ratio [15], which are much higher than in the case of other carbon fillers, e.g., carbon black.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SWCNT-Tuball Paper on the Lightning Strike Protection of CFRPs and Their Selected Mechanical Properties

et al. 2021

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The main aim of this work was the investigation of the possibility of replacing the heavy metallic meshes applied onto the composite structure in airplanes for lightning strike protection with a thin film of Tuball single-wall carbon nanotubes in the form of ultra-light, conductive paper. The Tuball paper studied contained 75 wt% or 90 wt% of carbon nanotubes and was applied on the top of carbon fibre reinforced polymer before fabrication of flat panels. First, the electrical conductivity, impact resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of modified laminates were measured and compared with the reference values. Then, flat panels with selected Tuball paper, expanded copper foil and reference panels were fabricated for lightning strike tests. The effectiveness of lightning strike protection was evaluated by using the ultrasonic phased-array technique. It was found that the introduction of Tuball paper on the laminates surface improved both the surface and the volume electrical conductivity by 8800% and 300%, respectively. The impact resistance was tested in two directions, perpendicular and parallel to the carbon fibres, and the values increased by 9.8% and 44%, respectively. The dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis showed higher stiffness and a slight increase in glass transition temperature of the modified laminates. Ultrasonic investigation after lightning strike tests showed that the effectiveness of Tuball paper is comparable to expanded copper foil.

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Lightning Performance of Copper-Mesh Clad Composite Panels: Test and Simulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of carbon fiber and thermoplastic resin on laminates under lightning and dielectric strength tests

Effect of carbon fiber and thermoplastic resin on laminates under lightning and dielectric strength tests

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

Effect of SWCNT-Tuball Paper on the Lightning Strike Protection of CFRPs and Their Selected Mechanical Properties

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