Lightning NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions over the USA constrained by TES ozone observations and the GEOS-Chem model

Jourdain, L.; Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, H. M.; Pickering, Kenneth; Worden, J.; Thompson, Anne M.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-107-2010

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…A recent study has shown that the anthropogenic NO x emissions over North America decreased by approximately 6 % during (Lamsal et al, 2011 which is not taken into account in the emissions estimates used by GEOS-Chem. For the lightning emissions, limitations in the model ability to reproduce the distribution of lightning intensities has been shown to underestimate the tropospheric ozone distribution relative to TES observations over North America (Jourdain et al, 2010). Evaluating these uncertainties in the anthropogenic and lightning NO x emissions estimates were beyond the scope of the work presented here but further research under the BORTAS project will address these emissions sources and quantify their influence on the model ozone distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010

et al. 2012

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Abstract.We have analysed the sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone distribution over North America and the North Atlantic to boreal biomass burning emissions during the summer of 2010 using the GEOS-Chem 3-D global tropospheric chemical transport model and observations from in situ and satellite instruments. We show that the model ozone distribution is consistent with observations from the Pico Mountain Observatory in the Azores, ozonesondes across Canada, and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) satellite instruments. Mean biases between the model and observed ozone mixing ratio in the free troposphere were less than 10 ppbv. We used the adjoint of GEOS-Chem to show the model ozone distribution in the free troposphere over Maritime Canada is largely sensitive to NO x emissions from biomass burning sources in Central Canada, lightning sources in the central US, and anthropogenic sources in the eastern US and southeastern Canada. We also used the adjoint of GEOS-Chem to evaluate the Fire Locating And Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) inventory through assimilation of CO observations from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument. The CO inversion showed that, on average, the FLAMBE emissions needed to be reduced to 89 % of their original values, with scaling factors ranging from 12 % to 102 %, to fit the MOPITT observations in the boreal regions. Applying the CO scaling factors to all species emitted from boreal biomass burning sources led to a decrease of the model tropospheric distributions of CO, PAN, and NO x by as much as −20 ppbv, −50 pptv, and −20 pptv respectively. The modification of the biomass burning emission estimates reduced the model ozone distribution by approximately −3 ppbv (−8 %) and on average improved the agreement of the model ozone distribution compared to the observations throughout the free troposphere, reducing the mean model bias from 5.5 to 4.0 ppbv for the Pico Mountain Observatory, 3.0 to 0.9 ppbv for ozonesondes, 2.0 to 0.9 ppbv for TES, and 2.8 to 1.4 ppbv for IASI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010

et al. 2012

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“…There has been considerable variability in the estimates of lightning NOx production per flash; see for example the summary table in Labrador et al (2005), the review paper by , and the studies by DeCaria et al (2000DeCaria et al ( , 2005, Beirle et al (2004Beirle et al ( , 2010, Langford et al (2004), Rahman et al (2007), Huntrieser et al (2008), Jourdain et al (2010), Ott et al (2010), and Peterson and Beasley (2011). The variability in these estimates is linked to the differences in the estimation methods employed, and the natural variability of lightning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NASA Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Model (LNOM): Application to air quality modeling

Koshak

Peterson

Pour‐Biazar

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Research

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“…In addition to a local chemical source of O 3 , high O 3 mixing ratios could be a result of transport of O 3 from the stratosphere to the UT. Simulations using the GEOS-Chem model indicate that, when the stratospheric O 3 is well simulated, the agreement between model results and ozonesondes is within 10 % in the UT (Jourdain et al, 2010), indicating that stratospheric O 3 may be contributing to UT O 3 mixing ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thunderstorms and upper troposphere chemistry during the early stages of the 2006 North American Monsoon

et al. 2012

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Abstract. To study the meteorology and chemistry that is associated with the early stages of the North American Monsoon, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is applied for the first time at high resolution (4 km grid spacing, allowing for explicit representation of convection) over a large region (continental US and northern Mexico) for a multi-week (15 July to 7 August 2006) integration. Evaluation of model results shows that WRF-Chem reasonably represents the large-scale meteorology and strong convective storms, but tends to overestimate weak convection. In the upper troposphere, the WRFChem model predicts ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) to within 10-20 % of aircraft and sonde measurements. Comparison of UT O 3 and CO frequency distributions between WRF-Chem and satellite data indicates that WRF-Chem is lofting CO too frequently from the boundary layer (BL). This excessive lofting should also cause biases in the WRFChem ozone frequency distribution; however it agrees well with satellite data suggesting that either the chemical production of O 3 in the model is overpredicted or there is too much stratosphere to troposphere transport in the model. Analysis of different geographic regions (West Coast, Rocky Mountains, Central Plains, Midwest, and Gulf Coast) reveals that much of the convective transport occurs in the Rocky Mountains, while much of the UT ozone chemical production occurs over the Gulf Coast and Midwest regions where both CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are abundant in the upper troposphere and promote the production of peroxy radicals. In all regions most of the ozone chemical production occurs within 24 h of the air being lofted from the boundary layer. In addition, analysis of the anticyclone and adjacent air indicates that ozone mixing ratios within the anticyclone region associated with the North American Monsoon and just outside the anticyclone are similar. Increases of O 3 within the anticyclone are strongly coincident with entrainment of stratospheric air into the anticyclone, but also are from in situ O 3 chemical production. In situ O 3 production is up to 17 % greater within the anticyclone than just outside the anticyclone when the anticyclone is over the southern US indicating that the enhancement of O 3 is most pronounced over regions with abundant VOCs.

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Lightning NO<sub>x</sub> emissions over the USA constrained by TES ozone observations and the GEOS-Chem model

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010

The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010

The NASA Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Model (LNOM): Application to air quality modeling

Thunderstorms and upper troposphere chemistry during the early stages of the 2006 North American Monsoon

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