Light Virtual Reality Systems for the Training of Conditionally Automated Vehicle Drivers

Sportillo, Daniele; Paljic, Alexis; Ojeda, Luciano; Fuchs, Philippe; Roussarie, Vincent

doi:10.1109/vr.2018.8446226

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…There were 52 studies involving at least one of the above items. Three of the studies reported four of these items [93][94][95], and 1 study reported five of these items [88]. Most of the studies gave positive results, but there were also some with negative feedback, especially for both "controllability" (n = 5) and "discomfort" (n = 9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

Cao

2023

Sustainability

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This systematic review broadly attempted to synthesize all relevant evidence residing in the Scopus, IEEE Xplore and MDPI databases, in order to inform the related Research Questions of this work. More precisely, the review protocol includes a broad and comprehensive search for eligible data sets from the Scopus, IEEE Xplore and MDPI databases, published from January 2017 to December 2022 by using inclusion/exclusion search criteria. Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was commissioned to assess and analyze the quality of 69 quantitative studies. The findings generally received positive feedback and there was a discussion about the results. This work was an original contribution guided by pedagogical theory and the validity of the evaluation constitutes a proposal for future improvement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

Cao

2023

Sustainability

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“…For example, particular real-world situations that would be difficult to find, or replicate, can be modeled in VR, and even replicated as digital twins. Sportillo et al (2018b) explored different educational simulators, and found that the acquisition of driving skills in conditionally automated vehicles was most highly rated for the VR solution, as compared to a user manual and a fixed-base simulator. Driving training in the context of mixed traffic might be especially useful for driving learners who have to consider cooperative driving situations with vehicles of different automation level, and driving simulators can help them achieve this paradigm shift (Sportillo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020

2021

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While virtual reality (VR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades, studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this paper, we systematically review 12 years of VR research in the context of automated driving (AD), from 2009 to 2020. Due to the multitude of possibilities for studies with regard to VR technology, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and non-transparent. We investigated N = 176 scientific papers of relevant journals and conferences with the goal to analyze the status quo of existing VR studies in AD, and to classify the related literature into application areas. We provide insights into the utilization of VR technology which is applicable at specific level of vehicle automation and for different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) and tasks. Results show that most studies focused on designing automotive experiences in VR, safety aspects, and vulnerable road users. Trust, simulator and motion sickness, and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) also marked a significant portion of the published papers, however a wide range of different parameters was investigated by researchers. Finally, we discuss a set of open challenges, and give recommendation for future research in automated driving at the VR side of the reality-virtuality continuum.

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“…Studies have also used different methods of training such as Augmented Reality (AR) and shown that as compared to owner's manual, AR training lead to higher trust, lower ADAS interaction errors and higher user experience. Two studies by Sportillo et al (2018a) and Sportillo et al (2018b) used Virtual Reality (VR) as a training method and found that overall, VR method led to quick responses, and higher user experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does training influence use and understanding of advanced vehicle technologies: a simulator evaluation of driver behavior and mental models

Pradhan

Hungund

Pai

et al. 2023

TSR

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Advanced vehicle technologies such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) promise increased safety and convenience but are also sophisticated and complex. Their presence in vehicles affects how drivers interact with the technologies and how drivers must know about these technologies. To maximize safety benefits, drivers must use such systems appropriately. They must understand how these technologies work and how they may change drivers' traditional responsibilities. Training has been recognized as an effective tool for accelerating knowledge and skills in traditional driving. Consequently, training is gaining recognition as an important tool for improving drivers' knowledge, understanding, and appropriate use of vehicle technologies as well. This study evaluated the effects of different training methods on drivers' use and understanding of vehicle automation, specifically Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Licensed drivers with little to no experience with ADAS features were randomly assigned into groups based on three training conditions: two experimental groups, ‘User Manual’ and ‘Visualization’, and a control group with a ‘Sham’ training. Participants were surveyed on their understanding of Adaptive Cruise Control before and after training. They also drove an advanced driving simulator equipped with ACC. The simulated drive offered multiple opportunities for the drivers to interact with the ACC and included embedded cues for engaging with the system and embedded probes to measure driver awareness of the system state. The results found a significant overall increase in knowledge of ACC after training for the experimental groups. Drivers in the experimental training groups also had better real-time awareness of the system state than the control group. The results indicate that training is associated with improved knowledge about the systems. It also shows differential effects of different approaches to training, with text-based training showing greater improvement. These findings have important implications for the design and deployment of these systems, and for policies around driver licensing and education.

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Light Virtual Reality Systems for the Training of Conditionally Automated Vehicle Drivers

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Design and Evaluation for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

Design and Evaluation for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020

How does training influence use and understanding of advanced vehicle technologies: a simulator evaluation of driver behavior and mental models

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