Light Traps Using Spontaneous Forces

Pritchard, David E.; Raab, E. L.; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; Wieman, Carl; Watts, R. N.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.57.310

Cited by 91 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the following we give a qualitative discussion of these many-atom effects for the regime of low atomic saturation and a summary of the results we obtained for the high intensity limit including screening efFects. Energy E'+'(z, t) = El+~(z, t) + E. ' (2) which is a random quantity with respect to the centerof-mass positions of all the atoms.…”

Section: Qualitative Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following 3911 we concentrate our discussion on the stationary limit of Eq. (2). For low atomic saturation the stationary mean atomic dipoles are proportional to the stationary local electric 6eld and are given by (6) where gp is the polarizability of the two-level atom.…”

Section: Qualitative Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZQ = Cp + Cp (~) (2) corresponds to the Lehmberg Bloch operator [28,29] in the zero-velocity regime (v = 0) and describes a system of N interacting atoms without any mechanical light effects.…”

Section: Second Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VA). F can then be written in the form (2) x Ai phE~l(x ) +c.c. In this section we construct this reference state in perturbation theory starting &om N independent particles.…”

Section: Second Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-pressure force inN-atom systems

1994

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An analytical description of long-range collisions between atoms in a laser cooling field is developed. We begin by considering an N-atom master equation. In the regime of low atomic densities (i.e., where the mean distance between two atoms is much larger than the laser wavelength) it is possible to treat the atomatom interactions in perturbation theory. Furthermore we assume temperatures which allow a semiclassical treatment of the cooling process. The eKect of the presence of other atoms can be separated analytically into two parts: an attenuation force due to the absorption of the laser beams in the atomic cloud similar to the results of Dalibard [Opt. Commun. BS, 203 (1988)], which tends to compress the atomic cloud, and s two-atom force due to photon emission and absorption cycles between different atoms. This force proves to be repulsive for the configurations studied and prevents the cloud from collapsing. The result for the first-order perturbation expansion in collision strength generalizes the model proposed by Walker, Sesko, and Wieman [J. Opt. Soc. B S, 946 (1991)) by including additional terms, such as those associated with Raman couplings.PACS number(s): 42.50.Vk, 32.80.Pj

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Section: Qualitative Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Qualitative Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VA). F can then be written in the form (2) x Ai phE~l(x ) +c.c. In this section we construct this reference state in perturbation theory starting &om N independent particles.…”

Section: Second Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-pressure force inN-atom systems

1994

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“…Soon thereafter the first MOTs were introduced. These hybrid magnetic scattering force traps initially confined Ͼ10 7 atoms (17,18). At this point work on optical dipole traps essentially ceased while MOT-type traps and, later, dark-spot MOTs became the workhorse traps for collecting and cooling large numbers of atoms to Doppler and subDoppler temperatures (19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Advantages Of Optical Trapping and Cooling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for an optical cw atom laser

Ashkin¹

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A new type of optical cw atom laser design is proposed that should operate at high intensity and high coherence and possibly record low temperatures. It is based on an ''optical-shepherd'' technique, in which far-off-resonance blue-detuned swept sheet laser beams are used to make new types of high-density traps, atom waveguides, and other components for achieving very efficient Bose-Einstein condensation and cw atom laser operation. A shepherd-enhanced trap is proposed that should be superior to conventional magneto-optic traps for the initial collection of molassescooled atoms. A type of dark-spot optical trap is devised that can cool large numbers of atoms to polarization-gradient temperatures at densities limited only by three-body collisional loss. A scheme is designed to use shepherd beams to capture and recycle essentially all of the escaped atoms in evaporative cooling, thereby increasing the condensate output by several orders of magnitude. Condensate atoms are stored in a shepherd trap, protected from absorbing light, under effectively zero-gravity conditions, and coupled out directly into an optical waveguide. Many experiments and devices may be possible with this cw atom laser.

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Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Gas: The First 70 Years and some Recent Experiments (Nobel Lecture)

Cornell

Wieman

2002

ChemPhysChem

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Bose–Einstein condensates of dilute gases offer a rich field to study fundamental quantum‐mechanical processes, manipulation of the speed at which light propagates, observation of atomic pair‐formation and superfluidity, or even simulating white dwarf stars. Still more radical applications are on the horizon. However, their initial creation was a masterpiece of experimental physics. After an initial process of laser cooling (which itself won its developers the 1997 Nobel Prize), atoms in a magnetic–optical trap must be safely transfered into a purely magnetic trap, where the condensation process begins at 170 nK and by 20 nK a pure condensate of 2000 atoms could be created. More astonishingly, Wieman and Cornell showed these low temperatures could be achieved in “bench scale” equipment rather than the massive pieces normally demanded by cryoscience. For their 1995 discovery of this new state of matter, they were awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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Light Traps Using Spontaneous Forces

Cited by 91 publications

References 7 publications

Light-pressure force inN-atom systems

Light-pressure force inN-atom systems

Design for an optical cw atom laser

Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Gas: The First 70 Years and some Recent Experiments (Nobel Lecture)

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