Light Transmitting Concrete: A Review

Luhar, Ismail; Luhar, Salmabanu; Savva, Pericles; Theodosiou, Antreas; Petrou, Michael; Nicolaides, Demetris

doi:10.3390/buildings11100480

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The valorization of diverse and profound wastes of dissimilar origin is one of the pillars of this novel concept. The innovative geopolymer technology facilitates the application of numerous waste streams as either a precursor or as add-on materials, such as fly ash (FA) and glass waste [ 272 , 273 , 274 ], which reduces the consumption of natural mineral resources, such as metakaolin (MK), besides evident eco-pros. These assortments of wastes have raised great concerns vis-à-vis their management strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of aluminosilicate materials and industrial wastes can be utilized to make geopolymers [ 268 ]. In this regard, the physiochemistry features of those materials often vary, which makes ensuring the quality of geopolymer generated problematic [ 269 , 270 , 271 , 272 , 273 , 274 ]. Aside from that, the strength of the geopolymer is a source of worry.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Luhar

Abdullah

et al. 2021

Materials

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There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., “one’s waste is the treasure for another”. For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Luhar

Abdullah

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…Nowadays, greener, inorganic geopolymeric construction composites are appearing to be a most promising substitute for OPC-based systems, with an exhibition of excellent properties, such as higher mechanical attributes, lower creep, less shrinkage, and extraordinary resistance to chemicals such as acid [149][150][151][152][153]. The exothermal process of geopolymerization among alkali solutions and the silica-and alumina-rich source materials of geological or industrial origin at low temperatures is competent enough for manufacturing geopolymer pastes, binders, mortar, and concrete, and for incorporating rubber tyre waste as a replacement for fine and/or coarse natural aggregates to form the rubberized geopolymer construction composites [153,154]. The raw materials with geological origin, such as calcined kaolin or metakaolin or other industrial by-products, namely, coal fly ash, coal bottom ash, blast furnace slag, etc., are the leading examples of possible raw materials for geopolymerization.…”

Section: Value-added Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxides and silicates of sodium or potassium are more commonly used as activators. The process symbolizes mitigated CO 2 emissions and a reduced operational energy, in comparison with the present course of portland cement production [152][153][154]. Not only that, geopolymerization produces added-value construction products by means of reusing the industrial residues enclosing alumino-silicates [155].…”

Section: Value-added Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using tyre rubber waste as an aggregate in concrete was introduced to manufacture a brand-new kind of concrete produced by the substitution of natural aggregates and is coined as rubberized concrete, or elastic concrete, or crumb rubber concrete, or rubber tyre concrete, or rubber concrete, or concrete with ground waste tyre rubber, or rubber create. The key objective behind the integration of rubber was to add a definite quantity of flexible components with the original multi-constituent concrete to enhance the concrete performance [153,157]. Synthetic rubber aggregates can be derived not only from waste rubber tyres, but also from cables, rubber belts, wires, industrial rubber products, hoses, and some other kinds of waste rubber, etc.…”

Section: Value-added Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubberized Geopolymer Composites: Value-Added Applications

Luhar

2021

J. Compos. Sci.

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The discovery of an innovative class of inorganic polymers has brought forth a revolution in the history of construction technology. Now, no energy-intensive reactions at elevated temperatures are essential, as found in the case of contemporary cement production. In addition to their attributes of low energy and a mitigated carbon footprint, geopolymeric composites can incorporate diversely originated and profound wastes in their manufacturing. As of today, profoundly accessible landfills of rubber tyre waste negatively impact the environment, water, and soil, with many health hazards. Their nonbiodegradable complex chemical structure supports recycling, and toxic gases are emitted by burning them, leading to aesthetic issues. These, altogether, create great concern for well-thought-out disposal methods. One of the achievable solutions is processing this waste into alternative aggregates to thus generate increased economic value whilst reducing primary aggregate consumption through the incorporation of these vast automobile solid wastes in the manufacturing of geopolymer construction composites, e.g., binders, mortar, concrete, etc., produced through the process of geopolymerization as a replacement for natural aggregates, providing relief to the crisis of the degradation of restricted natural aggregate resources. Currently, tyre rubber is one of the most outstanding materials, extensively employed in scores of engineering applications. This manuscript presents a state-of-the-art review of value-added applications in the context of rubberized geopolymer building composites and a review of past investigations. More significantly, this paper reviews rubberized geopolymer composites for their value-added applications.

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High‐Sensitive and Background‐Free Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy Using Delay Modulation

Wu,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has demonstrated a powerful platform for label‐free, non‐invasive, and chemically specific imaging of biological samples. However, the non‐resonant background limits its ability to detect weak Raman signals. Here, an approach to eliminate the non‐resonant background in CARS using delay modulation (DM) is presented, which is enabled by an acousto‐optic modulator and spectral focusing. The results demonstrate that DM‐CARS reduces the non‐resonant background by 10 times and improves detection sensitivity by 100‐fold over normal CARS. It also shows that DM‐CARS has potential applications in tracking heavy water metabolism in bacteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and imaging liver tumor tissues. Furthermore, a handheld DM‐CARS device has also demonstrated for in vivo imaging, which can be beneficial in various applications.

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Light Transmitting Concrete: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment

A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Rubberized Geopolymer Composites: Value-Added Applications

High‐Sensitive and Background‐Free Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy Using Delay Modulation

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