Light transmittance of the human cornea from 320 to 700 nm for different ages

Berg, Thomas; Tan, K. E. W. P.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90146-5

Cited by 102 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In particular, there are no UV-sensitive opsins characterized so far in human. Therefore, although the human lens and cornea contain the UV lightabsorbing compounds (34,35), the human eye and brain have the potential ability to receive UV light through Opn5. UV reception within the mammalian brain and its physiological function will be a major issue to be resolved in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein

Yamashita

Ohuchi

Tomonari

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

191

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Opn5 (neuropsin) belongs to an independent group separated from the other six groups in the phylogenetic tree of opsins, for which little information of absorption characteristics and molecular properties of the members is available. Here we show that the chicken Opn5 (cOpn5m) is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein. The recombinant expression of cOpn5m in HEK 293s cells followed by the addition of 11-cis-and all-trans-retinal produced UV light-absorbing and visible lightabsorbing forms, respectively. These forms were interconvertible by UV and visible light irradiations, respectively, indicating that cOpn5m is a bistable pigment. The absorption maxima of these forms were estimated to be 360 and 474 nm, respectively. The GTPγS binding assay clearly showed that the visible light-absorbing form having all-trans-retinal activates Gi type of G protein, whereas no Gt or Gq activation ability was observed. Immunohistochemical studies using an antibody against cOpn5m clearly showed that this pigment is localized within some types of amacrine cells and some cells in the ganglion cell layer of the retinas, the vast majority of cells in the pineal gland and serotonin-positive cells in the paraventricular organ. Because cOpn5m is the only UV-sensitive opsin among the opsins found so far in chicken, this study provides the molecular basis for UV reception in chicken.G protein-coupled receptor | nonvisual photoreception | phototransduction

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein

Yamashita

Ohuchi

Tomonari

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As defined by Rayleigh theory, intensity of scattered light from these small particles is inversely proportional to the fourth power of wavelength (λ −4 ) [15]. Angular dependency of light scattering from small particles is virtually zero, apart from a "natural light" correction at 90° [16]. On the other hand, light scattering from large particles has strong angular dependence, but weak or no dependence on wavelength.…”

Section: Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the eye research, AMCO Clear has been proposed as standard for corneal haze, as the cornea shows Rayleigh-type scatter [16,17]. AMCO Clear contains numerous styrene divinylbenzene microspheres with an average size of 0.2 μm (0.1-0.3 μm).…”

Section: Validation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a spectral light scattering method to differentiate large from small particles in intraocular lenses

Łabuz

Papadatou

Vargas-Martı́n

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:A psychophysical approach has been designed to measure straylight from intraocular lenses (IOLs) in vitro. This approach uses a clinical straylight meter (C-Quant) and an observer's eye as optical detector. Based on this, we introduced a method for study of straylight-wavelength dependency for IOLs. This dependency can be used to distinguish between 2 types of scattering particles (small and large) as defined by Mie theory. Validation was performed using a turbidity standard and scattering filters. Several IOLs were analyzed to identify potential scattering sources. Large particles were found to predominate in scattering from the studied lenses. This was confirmed by straylight-angular dependency found in these IOLs.

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“…As the proposed model matching the CIE 1999 standard at glare angles below 5 deg, the parameters used for the scattering particles in the cornea did not correspond to the wavelength dependency of cornea scattering reported in previous studies. 44,45 The in vitro study on rabbit corneas 44 and in vivo study on human corneas 45 both suggested a strong wavelength dependency of the inverse 4th power, which corresponds to the Rayleigh scattering by particle sizes much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. On the contrary, the fitted particle diameter of 7.0 μm in our cornea model corresponds to strong forward scattering by the Mie theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a human eye model incorporated with intraocular scattering for visual performance assessment

et al. 2012

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Abstract. A biometry-based human eye model was developed by using the empirical anatomic and optical data of ocular parameters. The gradient refractive index of the crystalline lens was modeled by concentric conicoid isoindical surfaces and was adaptive to accommodation and age. The chromatic dispersion of ocular media was described by Cauchy equations. The intraocular scattering model was composed of volumetric Mie scattering in the cornea and the crystalline lens, and a diffusive-surface model at the retina fundus. The retina was regarded as a Lambertian surface and was assigned its corresponding reflectance at each wavelength. The optical performance of the eye model was evaluated in CodeV and ASAP and presented by the modulation transfer functions at single and multiple wavelengths. The chromatic optical powers obtained from this model resembled that of the average physiological eyes. The scattering property was assessed by means of glare veiling luminance and compared with the CIE general disability glare equation. By replacing the transparent lens with a cataractous lens, the disability glare curve of cataracts was generated to compare with the normal disability glare curve. This model has high potential for investigating visual performance in ordinary lighting and display conditions and under the influence of glare sources.

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Light transmittance of the human cornea from 320 to 700 nm for different ages

Cited by 102 publications

References 8 publications

Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein

Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein

Validation of a spectral light scattering method to differentiate large from small particles in intraocular lenses

Development of a human eye model incorporated with intraocular scattering for visual performance assessment

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