Light source spectrum, brightness perception and visual performance in pedestrian environments: a review

Fotios, Steve; Cheal, C; Boyce, P.R.

doi:10.1191/1365782805li139oa

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To encourage widespread use of the trade-off there is a need to determine whether it is supported by research evidence. The first stage of this process reviewed previous studies 3 . It was concluded that further evidence is required to confirm the effect of the spectral power distribution (SPD) of lamps that are used for street lighting on brightness and visual performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lighting for subsidiary streets: investigation of lamps of different SPD. Part 1—Visual Performance

Fotios

Cheal

2007

Lighting Research & Technology

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British Standard BS5489-1: 2003 permits a trade-off between colour rendering and illuminance for lighting in subsidiary streets -if lamps of high colour rendering index such as metal halide are used instead of high-or low-pressure sodium lamps, a lower average illuminance can be used. A series of tests were carried out under mesopic conditions to validate the trade-off and this article reports on the new visual performance results. Four tests were carried out: acuity of achromatic and chromatic targets, achromatic contrast detection threshold and colour identification, these being for on-axis targets. It was found that SPD did not affect the performance of achromatic tasks except for an increase in contrast detection threshold under LPS lamps. The performance of an acuity task using coloured targets displayed interaction between target colour and SPD.Colour naming accuracy was found to be significantly higher for metal halide lamps than for sodium lamps. For all tasks there was a reduction in visual performance at lower illuminances, and therefore a reduction in design illuminance leads to a reduction in the performance of some visual tasks which may not be offset by lamp SPD. Implications for the performance of real pedestrian tasks are discussed. 2 IntroductionIn the UK, where lighting in subsidiary streets is designed for the demands of the pedestrian, the design illuminance is specified through two documents. BS EN 13201-2:2003 1 describes the minimum maintained average horizontal photopic illuminance for six lighting classes, the Sseries, ranging from S6 = 2.0 lx to S1 = 15.0 lx, with intermediate levels being Pedestrians are faced with many different visual performance tasks, ranging from the essential, such as recognising the key features of the environment and detecting the raised edge of a paving slab, to the highly desirable, such as first detecting someone approaching and then seeing the details of the face of whoever is approaching 5. Most such tasks first require off-axis detection followed by the use of the fovea to see detail, which can be characterised by measures of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, and the ability to discriminate colours, which can be characterised by measures such as the accuracy of colour naming. If the trade-off between illuminance and CRI is adopted, then MH lighting at the lower illuminance needs to produce the same, or better, 3 visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, colour naming ability and off-axis detection than HPS lighting at the higher illuminance if it is to be considered as providing acceptable lighting for pedestrians.Fotios, Cheal & Boyce 3 reviewed previous studies of visual performance carried out under mesopic conditions. Two recent studies 6,7 suggested that SPD does not affect achromatic, foveal acuity. One of these 6 used a single fluorescent lamp with a series of filters to vary SPD rather than compare actual lamps used for street lighting. Two earlier studies 8,9 had hinted that SPD may affect acuity although they offer insufficient inform...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fotios, Cheal & Boyce 3 reviewed previous studies of visual performance carried out under mesopic conditions. Two recent studies 6,7 suggested that SPD does not affect achromatic, foveal acuity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighting for subsidiary streets: investigation of lamps of different SPD. Part 1—Visual Performance

Fotios

Cheal

2007

Lighting Research & Technology

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“…Esse ambiente é considerado agradável do ponto de vista dos participantes devido à percepção visual de maior quantidade de luz existente entre esse cenário em comparação com o primeiro, o que justifica sua relação com segurança e confirma pesquisas a respeito da relação entre esses dois parâmetros (Fotios et al, 2005;Peña-García et al, 2015).…”

Section: Análise E Discussão Dos Resultadosunclassified

“…De um lado, temos o avanço das tecnologias de iluminação e os estudos relacionados a qualidades técnicas e quantitativas, como medições fotométricas, temperatura da cor, custo, benefício e eficiência para a compreensão da influência da iluminação na performance do usuário (Knight, 2010;Fotios et al, 2005). Incluem-se ainda estudos nos quais usuários expostos a fontes luminosas são avaliados a fim de descobrir a quantidade de luz necessária para fornecer segurança física (detecção de obstáculos e reconhecimento facial) e conforto visual, além de outros aspectos, como depreciação de fontes luminosas, entre outros (Boyce et al, 2000).…”

Section: Aspectos Subjetivos Em Iluminaçãounclassified

Impressões qualitativas em espaços urbanos noturnos por meio de ambientes virtuais imersivos

Fernandes

Moura

Costa

2018

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons Impressões qualitativas em espaços urbanos noturnos por meio de ambientes virtuais imersivos Qualitative impressions in urban spaces at night through immersive virtual environmentsÍtalo Pereira Fernandes [a] , Norberto Corrêa da Silva Moura [a] , António Aguiar Costa [b] [a] Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil [b] Instituto Superior Técnico Lisboa, Lisboa, Estremadura, Portugal ResumoPesquisas no âmbito da iluminação focam no aspecto quantitativo e físico dos efeitos lumínicos e seu desempenho na relação usuário-ambiente. Assim, estudos sobre os aspectos subjetivos da iluminação e sua influência na percepção e no usufruto do espaço são crescentes, porém existem poucos experimentos para avaliar impressões subjetivas dos ambientes noturnos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo mapear qualidades ambientais do espaço urbano localizado na cidade de João Pessoa-PB por meio do conceito de atmosfera percebida, cuja categorização de palavras descreve qualitativamente o ambiente, utilizando o ambiente virtual tridimensional como suporte para criação e avaliação de cenários noturnos. Nesse sentido, foram simulados, em realidade virtual, dois projetos de iluminação: uma paisagem noturna existente e uma proposta de intervenção como alternativa, a fim de gerar avaliações pelos usuários. Os resultados mostram que existem qualidades subjetivas diferentes nos espaços, relacionadas com questões de segurança e sociabilidade do ambiente, o que reflete a importância dessas avaliações subjetivas, e demonstram o contributo da realidade virtual como aspecto inovador nesse processo. Contribuições do artigo dizem respeito à participação coletiva no processo de projeto e aplicação da metodologia em contextos em que a iluminação é fundamental, como espaços públicos de conjuntos habitacionais. Palavras

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“…1 Experimental work has been carried out to fill this gap. 2,3 Three different techniques were used for comparing the brightness of lighting from different types of light source:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidencefor response contraction bias in side-by-side matching tasks

Fotios

Cheal

2007

Lighting Research & Technology

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A recent study of lamp spectrum effects at mesopic levels employed side-by-side matching to investigate brightness. The results revealed an unexpected effect, identified here as a response contraction bias, normally only expected when judging individual stimuli. Response contraction bias causes subjective responses to be biased toward the middle of a response range. Although the bias is small its effect on brightness matching can be significant if the test procedure does not employ appropriate counterbalancing.

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Light source spectrum, brightness perception and visual performance in pedestrian environments: a review

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Lighting for subsidiary streets: investigation of lamps of different SPD. Part 1—Visual Performance

Lighting for subsidiary streets: investigation of lamps of different SPD. Part 1—Visual Performance

Impressões qualitativas em espaços urbanos noturnos por meio de ambientes virtuais imersivos

Evidencefor response contraction bias in side-by-side matching tasks

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