Light olefin synthesis from a diversity of renewable and fossil feedstocks: state-of the-art and outlook

Chernyak, S. A.; Corda, Massimo; Dath, Jean‐Pierre; Ordomsky, Vitaly V.; Khodakov, Andreï Y.

doi:10.1039/d1cs01036k

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 466 publications

(702 reference statements)

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“…A family of carbon encapsulated linear PIL samples, termed X%PIL-T@FDU-15-600 (X% index the loading amount), were prepared by using PIL-T with different loading amounts, including 15%PIL-T@FDU-15-600, 10%PIL-90-FDU-15-600, and 20%PIL-90@FDU-15-600. There was no N element in FDU-15-600 and the detectable N species on X%PIL-T@FDU-15-600 samples reflected the immobilization of PIL-T (Table S1, entries [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The PIL content linearly increased with the loading amount, while close to each other by fixing the loading amount.…”

Section: Structure Of Fdu-15-600 Supported Linear Pilmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the chief greenhouse gases causing growing global warming [1][2][3][4], and also an abundant inexpensive and nontoxic C1 feedstock [5,6]. In this regard, chemically fixing CO 2 into high-value-added chemicals has attracted great attention in the mitigation of CO 2 emission [7][8][9][10][11]. One of the most promising approaches is the cycloaddition reaction between CO 2 and three-member ring organic compounds such as aziridines and epoxides [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordered mesoporous carbon encapsulated linear poly(ionic liquid)s enabling synergy effect of surface groups and ionic moieties for CO2 fixation under mild conditions

Song

et al. 2023

Carb Neutrality

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation into value-added chemicals has attracted growing attention and one promising atom-efficient pathway is via the cycloaddition with three member-ring compounds like epoxides. Herein, we demonstrated that encapsulation of linear poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) on ordered mesoporous carbon materials provides a facile and feasible approach towards environmental-friendly heterogeneous catalysts with high performance in CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides under mild conditions. A series of novel linear phenolic hydroxyl group functional imidazolium-based PILs synthesized from hydroxymethylation reaction between 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenol-1-butyl-imidazolium iodide and formaldehyde was loaded on ordered mesoporous carbon FDU-15–600 derived from mesoporous phenolic resin. By virtue of controlling the initial polymerization temperature, the molecular weight of PILs was facilely modulated, reaching strong host–guest interaction during the PIL immobilization. Highly stable immobilized PIL species with spatial satisfaction of ionic moieties and surface groups were thus realized to enable a synergic CO2 conversion via cycloaddition with epoxides. The optimal catalyst exhibited high yield and stable recyclability by using atmospheric CO2 under metal-additive-solvent-free conditions and the activity surprisingly exceeded the corresponding homogeneous parent IL and PIL. Excellent substrate compatibility was found by extending the transformation of more than ten epoxides including the inert ones such as disubstituted cyclohexene oxide. The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the surface hydrogen groups and ionic moieties to accelerate the rate-determining ring-opening process.

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Section: Structure Of Fdu-15-600 Supported Linear Pilmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered mesoporous carbon encapsulated linear poly(ionic liquid)s enabling synergy effect of surface groups and ionic moieties for CO2 fixation under mild conditions

Song

et al. 2023

Carb Neutrality

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“…In this section, we provide a brief overview of the current research in CO 2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons (olefins and fuels) using the same catalysts as in FTS, i.e., Co, Fe, and Ru. A handful of reviews have focused more elaborately on the formation of hydrocarbons from CO 2 − The review by Ronda-Lloret et al focused on olefin production, while Ma and Porosoff highlighted the use of tandem catalysis in CO 2 -FT …”

Section: Co2-fts: Revival Of the Century-old Fischer–tropsch Process?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Views on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Rommens

Saeys

2023

Chem. Rev.

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For nearly a century, the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reaction has been subject of intense debate. Various molecular views on the active sites and on the reaction mechanism have been presented for both Co- and Fe-based FT reactions. In the last 15 years, the emergence of a surface-science- and molecular-modeling-based bottom-up approach has brought this molecular picture a step closer. Theoretical models provided a structural picture of the Co catalyst particles. Recent surface science experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations highlighted the importance of realistic surface coverages, which can induce surface reconstruction and impact the stability of reaction intermediates. For Co-based FTS, detailed microkinetic simulations and mechanistic experiments are moving toward a consensus about the active sites and the reaction mechanism. The dynamic phase evolution of Fe-based catalysts under the reaction conditions complicates identification of the surface structure and the active sites. New techniques can help tackle the combinatorial complexity in these systems. Experimental and DFT studies have addressed the mechanism for Fe-based catalysts; the absence of a clear molecular picture of the active sites, however, limits the development of a molecular view of the mechanism. Finally, direct CO2 hydrogenation to long-chain hydrocarbons could present a sustainable pathway for FT synthesis.

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“…Alternatively, CO 2 or CO can be converted to ethylene via electrified conversion processes, i.e., converted to C 2 products electrochemically. This process is currently at the technology readiness level of 3-4 (Roh et al, 2020;Chernyak et al, 2022). However, implementation of CO 2 /CO electrolysis via membrane electrode assembly technology is considered to have potential for scale-up.…”

Section: Reference O-s T-s Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of electrified ethylene production via biomass gasification and electrochemical CO reduction

et al. 2023

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The chemical industry needs new methods for sourcing carbon-containing feedstocks from renewable sources to decrease CO2 emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Ethylene, a crucial base chemical used for making polymers and ethylene oxide, is primarily produced through steam cracking of fossil feedstocks. However, an evolving technology is the electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO to produce ethylene. The study assesses the environmental, economic and energetic performance of a new biomass-based process that produces ethylene based on the electrochemical reduction of CO. The results are based on mass and energy balances from process simulation. The CO is produced by either gasification of biomass or combustion of biomass with CO2 capture and CO2 electrolysis. Besides ethylene, the process produces acetic acid, ethanol, oxygen and hydrogen as by-products which are purified and sold. The annual output varies between 36 and 68 kt ethylene with a biomass input of 157 kt. The levelized cost of ethylene ranges from 3,920 to 7,163 €/t with the gasification routes being the most cost-effective. The ethylene price is heavily dependent on electricity price, current density, operating voltage, and by-product prices. The carbon efficiency of the gasification-based routes is lower (64%) than the combustion-based routes (85%–86%). However, the energy efficiency is higher for the gasification-based routes (42%) compared to the combustion-based routes (28%). Conversion of ethanol to ethylene increases the ethylene yield with minimal impacts on the ethylene price. In terms of CO2 emissions, the gasification-based routes show lower emissions. Scenarios using wind power show a significant emission reduction potential compared to fossil products.

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Light olefin synthesis from a diversity of renewable and fossil feedstocks: state-of the-art and outlook

Abstract: This review highlights fundamental and applied aspects of the synthesis of light olefins from a variety of renewable and fossil feedstocks and looks at future trends and opportunities.

Cited by 49 publications

References 466 publications

Ordered mesoporous carbon encapsulated linear poly(ionic liquid)s enabling synergy effect of surface groups and ionic moieties for CO2 fixation under mild conditions

Ordered mesoporous carbon encapsulated linear poly(ionic liquid)s enabling synergy effect of surface groups and ionic moieties for CO2 fixation under mild conditions

Molecular Views on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Assessment of electrified ethylene production via biomass gasification and electrochemical CO reduction

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