Light-Oil Air-Injection Performance: Sensitivity to Critical Parameters

Adetunji, L. A.; Teigland, Rune; Kleppe, Jon

doi:10.2118/96844-ms

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Therefore, air flooding is receiving increased attention among the gas flooding technologies. 1,9,10 Field tests of air flooding have been conducted successfully in many light oil reservoirs such as MPHU, West Hackberry, Coral Creek, Ekofisk, Buffalo and Horse Creek oilfields. 11−22 However, safety remains a major obstacle for its large-scale application because of the oxygen in the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Effect of Transition Metallic Additives on the Light Oil Low-Temperature Oxidation Reaction

Wang

Feng

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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Increasing the reaction rate between crude oil and oxygen (oxygen consumption rate) is an effective method for improving the safety of air flooding. The catalytic effect of the transition metallic additives copper chloride, manganese acetate, cobalt chloride, and nickel chloride on the light oil low-temperature oxidation (LTO) was determined through static oxidation experiments. Additionally, the influence of temperature, pressure, and reaction time on the catalytic effect of the additives was investigated. The changes of the oil characteristics due to low-temperature oxidation (LTO) and catalytic low-temperature oxidation (CLTO) were investigated through SARA composition tests, elements analysis, n-alkanes components analysis, and infrared spectrum analysis. In addition, the influence of additives on the kinetic parameters of LTO was also researched. The results showed that the transition metallic additives significantly improved the oxygen consumption rate of light oil LTO, notably the copper chloride. For three oils from different reservoirs, the oxygen consumption rates increased to above 2.2 times the original after the addition of copper chloride at 70°C and 16 MPa. Besides, the synergistic effect between reaction temperature and catalyst was significant in promoting oxygen consumption. When the reaction temperature reached 130°C, the oxygen content after reaction reduced to 2.67% from 9.18% after the addition of copper chloride. The oxygen in air reacted with saturate and aromatics, generating resin and asphaltene. The distribution of n-alkanes was shifted to higher molecular weight components during LTO, and the addition of catalyst could enhance the changing trend. In addition, new oxygen-containing groups were generated during LTO and CLTO. The order of the oxygen partial pressure and the activation energy of LTO were all reduced due to the addition of catalyst. This study can provide guidelines to improve the safety and application of air flooding technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Effect of Transition Metallic Additives on the Light Oil Low-Temperature Oxidation Reaction

Wang

Feng

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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“…CO 2 -EOR and storage in offshore fields can be based on anthropogenic sources of captured produced gases in offshore fields or from CO 2 piped from onshore facilities.  High-pressure air injection (HPAI) has been proposed (e.g., Ekofisk, North Sea), but has not yet been tested for technical and economical reasons [288,289]. Mexico has also considered the potential of air injection in offshore fields [194].…”

Section: Eor Offshorementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Update Review

2010

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With the decline in oil discoveries during the last decades it is believed that EOR technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in years to come. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EOR status and opportunities to increase final recovery factors in reservoirs ranging from extra heavy oil to gas condensate. Specifically, the paper discusses EOR status and opportunities organized by reservoir lithology (sandstone and carbonates formations and turbiditic reservoirs to a lesser extent) and offshore and onshore fields. Risk and rewards of EOR methods including growing trends in recent years such as CO 2 injection, high pressure air injection (HPAI) and chemical flooding are addressed including a brief overview of CO 2 -EOR project economics.

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“…Due to the advantages of the low cost and unlimited availability of air, the air flooding technology has been widely researched and applied in recent decades. In the oilfields of Zhongyuan, Baise, MPHU, West Hackberry, Coral Creek, Ekofisk, Buffalo, and Horse Creek, pilot air flooding applications have been successfully used and have achieved remarkable results. − Apart from in situ combustion (ISC) technology, the main mechanism of air flooding is actually indirect flue gas flooding. The flue gas will be generated during the oxygen consumption process through low-temperature oxidation (LTO) reaction, and the flooding gas during air injection process is actually the generated flue gas. − At present, the main problem restricting the application of air flooding is the application safety: the breakthrough of oxygen into the production wells will cause an explosion risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Air Flooding Technology for Light Crude Oil Reservoirs Applied under Reservoir Conditions

Wang

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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A novel air flooding technology based on catalyst-activated low-temperature oxidation (CLTO) has been researched by static and dynamic oxidation experiments and can be applied in light crude oil reservoirs under reservoir conditions to improve the safety and oil recovery of air flooding. The catalytic effect of additives on the oxidation behavior of three crude oils was researched. The changes in oil recovery, oxygen distribution, and oil characteristics caused by additives were researched by dynamic oxidation experiments, and the influences of crude oil types, additive injection pattern, injection volume, and injection time on the catalytic effect were also researched. The results show that metallic additives can improve the oxygen consumption capacity of crude oils. Furthermore, the addition of additives can delay the oxygen breakthrough time and reduce the oxygen content in the gas produced. During the catalytic air flooding, the oxygen injected reacts mainly with the residual oil near the injection wells, and the influence of CLTO on the properties of oil produced from light oil reservoirs is minor. The key point to guarantee the success of catalytic air flooding is to select the optimal catalyst for the reservoir oil. The preferred catalyst injection pattern is catalyst alternating air injection, and the recommended catalyst injection volume is 0.03–0.05 PV. Catalytic air flooding technology can improve the safety and widen the application of air flooding technology.

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Light-Oil Air-Injection Performance: Sensitivity to Critical Parameters

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Catalytic Effect of Transition Metallic Additives on the Light Oil Low-Temperature Oxidation Reaction

Catalytic Effect of Transition Metallic Additives on the Light Oil Low-Temperature Oxidation Reaction

Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Update Review

A Novel Air Flooding Technology for Light Crude Oil Reservoirs Applied under Reservoir Conditions

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