Light nuclei from 233U neutron fission

Three Fragment Fission

“…Fo r triton s, the spectra, an gul ar di stribution s, an d ot her fe ature s al l se em qu it e norm al (57). Pr ot on energie s lo wer th an ex (85). This is in contrast to the noticeable mass dependence of the mean energy for different helium ions (Figure 8).…”

“…Th e yiel d s of on l y th ree he liu m is otop es are pl ott ed in th e figur e. T hat for 3He is missin g beca use 3He ha s not been iden ti fied with certa i n ty amon g the emitted particles (20,84,85). The present upper limit for their produc tion rate seems to be about ten times below the rate expected on the basis of their Ee value (38.2 MeV) together with the systematics of the other helium iso topes.…”

On the light particles in ternary fission

“…As discussed below, stability is an important feature of the highest yield ternary particles. We can conclude from table 1 that the isotopes in ternary fission with the highest yields in their corresponding elements are 3 1 H, 4 2 He, 7 3 Li, 10 4 Be, 13 5 B or 11 5 B, 14 6 C, 17 7 N, 20 8 O, 21 9 F, 24 10 Ne, 27 11 Na, 28 12 Mg or 30 12 Mg, 33 13 Al and 34 14 Si. It has already been pointed out [19] that there is a relation between the most favorable cluster in cluster radioactivity and the light ternary particle with the highest yield in its corresponding element.…”

“…The absolute emission probability of the lightest particles in ternary fission varies [2][3][4][5][6][7] for different fissile isotopes [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], (s, f) and (γ , f) [17]. This observation holds true both for thermal fission reactions (n th , f) and for spontaneous fission isotopes.…”

In-Situ Cosmogenic 14C: Production and Examples of its Unique Applications in Studies of Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Processes

“…Nuclear transformations, ternary fission (cf. Vorobyov et al 1972), and anomalous decay of heavy nuclei (Sandulescu et al 1980;Rose and Jones 1984;Price 1989) lead to formation of 14 C. Several nuclear reactions produced by radiogenic particles arising from U and Th series nuclides, due to αdecay, and neutrons produced by α-particle induced nuclear reactions, also lead to production of 14 C (Zito et al 1980;Jull et al 1987;Lal 1988a). However, the last of the three mechanisms, namely the continuous production of 14 C in diverse materials by nuclear interactions of primary and secondary cosmic ray particles, is by far the most important source of 14 C on the earth (Lingenfelter 1963;Lal and Peters 1967;Lal 1992a).…”