Light Microscopic and Ultrastructural Changes in the Ceca of Chicks Inoculated with Human and Canine <i>Serpulina pilosicoli</i>

Muniappa, Nagaraja; Duhamel, G; Mathiesen, Michelle R.; Bargar, Thomas W.

doi:10.1177/030098589603300509

Cited by 37 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Whilst watery faeces were significantly more likely to contain S. pilosicoli than normal faeces, the association was not strong, and a large number of individuals with normal faeces were still colonized with the organism. Nevertheless, the suggestion that S. pilosicoli can cause disease in humans is supported by infection studies in animals where strains isolated from humans, pigs and dogs have been shown to attach by one cell end to the colonic epithelium and cause microvillous effacement and cytoskeletal changes in day-old chicks [20,32], and crypt abscesses in newly weaned pigs [21]. In the present study no attempt was made to obtain colonic rectal biopsies to determine whether S. pilosicoli was attached to the epithelium of the large intestine of infected individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYIn a survey of five villages in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from rectal swabs from 113 of 496 individuals (22n8 %). Colonization rates ranged from 22n6-30n1 % in four of the villages but was only 8n6 % in the other village. In comparison colonization was demonstrated in only 5 of 54 indigenous people (9n3 %) and none of 76 nonindigenous people living in an urban environment in the same region. Colonization did not relate to reported occurrence of diarrhoea, age, sex, or length of time resident in a village. A second set of 94 faecal specimens was collected from 1 village 6 weeks after the first set. S. pilosicoli was isolated from 27 of 29 individuals (93n1 %) who were positive on the first sampling and from 7 of 65 individuals (10n8 %) who previously were negative. In this case, isolates were significantly more common in watery stools than in normal stools. The annual incidence of infection in the village was calculated as 93n6 %, with an average duration of infection of 117 days. S. pilosicoli could not be isolated from any village pig (n l 126) despite its confirmed presence in 17 of 50 commercial pigs (34n0 %) sampled at a local piggery. Four of 76 village dogs (5n3 %) and 1 of 2 village ducks were colonized with S. pilosicoli, suggesting the possibility of cross transmission between humans and animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

et al. 1997

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“…mice, and birds, often with clinical signs or lesions of colonic spirochetosis. 4,7,19,23,26,35,36 Because S. pilosicoli has been isolated from humans with lesions similar to PCS and human S. pilosicoli can colonize pigs and produce PCS, 35 it may be zoonotic and have public health significance. 7 Implementation of rational control measures to reduce infection by S. pilosicoli should improve overall animal health and productivity.…”

Section: յ1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,35 Also, variations in the enteropathogenicity of S. pilosicoli have been demonstrated using a chick model. 23,24 These factors may explain differences in the prevalence of diarrhea and reduction in the performance of pigs affected with PCS on different farms. Diarrhea associated with PCS usually subsides, but a concurrent reduction in weight gain results in pigs of uneven sizes within affected groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents against North American Isolates of Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli

et al. 1998

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Abstract. Porcine colonic spirochetosis is a nonfatal diarrheal disease that affects pigs during the growing and finishing stages of production. The disease is caused by Serpulina pilosicoli, a newly recognized species of pathogenic intestinal spirochete. Antimicrobial therapy aimed at reducing the infection may be helpful in controlling spirochetal diarrhea. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of the reference isolate S. pilosicoli P43/6/78 from the United Kingdom and 19 field isolates obtained from pigs in Canada (n ϭ 5) and the United States (n ϭ 14) were determined against the antimicrobial agents carbadox, gentamicin, lincomycin, and tiamulin, all of which are commonly used for control of the related pathogenic intestinal spirochete S. hyodysenteriae. Additionally, the susceptibility or resistance of each isolate against each antimicrobial agent was estimated on the basis of available data on the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints of S. hyodysenteriae. Each isolate was identified on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic markers, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antimicrobial agent was determined by the agar-dilution method. All the isolates were susceptible to carbadox and tiamulin. The percentages of isolates susceptible, intermediate, and resistant to lincomycin were 42.1%, 42.1%, and 15.8%, respectively. Slightly less than half of the isolates (47.4%) were susceptible to gentamicin, and the remainder (52.6%) were resistant. Implementation of rational control measures to reduce infection by S. pilosicoli should improve overall health and productivity in swine herds.Until recently, porcine hemolytic intestinal spirochetes consisted of 2 taxonomically recognized species in the genus Serpulina: the strongly ␤-hemolytic spirochete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, and the weakly ␤-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (WBHIS) S. innocens, a nonpathogenic spirochete of the swine colon. 7,13,31 However, an association between a WBHIS, recently classified as S. pilosicoli, and a nonfatal diarrheal disease of growing pigs, called porcine intestinal spirochetosis or porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS), has been recognized. 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]19,[24][25][26][27][28][32][33][34][35][36][37] With more intensive swine production, where the efficiency of weight gain is closely monitored, PCS has been recognized as a major contributing factor to reduced performance in growing and finishing pigs. 5,6,8,9,10,12,34 Koch's postulates for S. pilosicoli have been fulfilled using gnotobiotic pigs 25 and conventional pigs. 3,5,[33][34][35] Conventional pigs challenge exposed with S. pilosicoli have diarrhea and reduced performance as a result of colonization and inflammation of the cecum and colon. 3,5,[33][34][35] Clinical signs of S. pilosicoli infection consist of diarrhea, which is transient to persistent. The feces from diarrheic pigs are watery to mucoid in consistency,

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“…al 1996). The cultures isolated from dogs were able to colonise chicken enterocytes via a mechanism similar to the one described in isolates of B. pilosicoli obtained from humans and pigs (Muniappa et al 1996), which implies their pathogenic potential. Brachyspira pilosicoli is nowadays considered to be the causative agent of canine intestinal spirochetosis.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…This species tends to be detected in puppies with diarrhoea affected by a parasitic coinfection of Giardia spp. In adult dogs, it represents frequent finding also in the individuals without clinical symptoms (Turek and Meyer 1978;Duhamel et. al 1996).…”

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Isolation and Characterization of Brachyspira spp. from Dogs in the Czech Republic

2010

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The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of intestinal Spirochetes of the genus Brachyspira in Czech dogs and to determine the susceptibility of obtained B. pilosicoli isolates to selected antibacterial substances. Spirochetes were diagnosed microscopically in 23 out of 1139 samples of dogs' excrements, primarily intended for a parasitological testing. The cultivation of positive samples provided 10 brachyspira isolates, which were, on the basis of their biochemical activity and the results of the species-specific PCR, identified as B. pilosicoli (9 isolates) and B. hyodysenteriae (1 isolate). These dogs came from households. All the 7 tested isolates B. pilosicoli were sensitive to metronidazole and doxycycline, uniformly resistant to erythromycin, partly sensitive to cefazoline, lincomicine and ampicilline except for one isolate of B. pilosicoli, which was resistant to ampicilline.The second part of study was focused on dogs with diarrhoea that came from animal shelters, where a high prevalence of 58% (10/17) of B. pilosicoli was found. Spirochetal colitis, susceptibility testingIn the past, spirochetes have been observed and isolated from colonic excrements and mucosa of both healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhoea. However, the pathogenic importance of spirochetes and their role in the onset of canine diarrhoea have not been sufficiently explained until now (Pindak et al. 1965; Turek and Meyer 1978; Meyer et al. 1982;Lee and Hampson 1994;Duhamel et al. 1995, 1997, Fellstrom et al. 2001Oxberry and Hampson 2003). Weakly haemolytic and indole-negative spirochetes colonising colon and rectum of healthy dogs were characterised by PCR method specific for 16S rRNA and MLEE (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) and classified as a new species designated as "Brachyspira canis". These spirochetes probably represent common canine intestinal commensals (Duhamel et al. 1998;Oxberry and Hampson 2003). Another species that has been isolated from canine and human faeces and the faeces of various animals in connection with diarrhoea and colonic infections is Brachyspira pilosicoli (Trott et al. 1996). This species tends to be detected in puppies with diarrhoea affected by a parasitic coinfection of Giardia spp. In adult dogs, it represents frequent finding also in the individuals without clinical symptoms (Turek and Meyer 1978;Duhamel et. al 1996). The cultures isolated from dogs were able to colonise chicken enterocytes via a mechanism similar to the one described in isolates of B. pilosicoli obtained from humans and pigs (Muniappa et al. 1996), which implies their pathogenic potential. Brachyspira pilosicoli is nowadays considered to be the causative agent of canine intestinal spirochetosis. Data on Brachyspira isolation from dogs came from studies on smaller groups of dogs or from sporadic cases of enteric infections documented more in detail (Oxberry and Hampson 2003; Skrzypcak et al. 2007). Reports on susceptibility of B. pilosicoli originating from dogs have appeared only rarely until now (Adac...

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Light Microscopic and Ultrastructural Changes in the Ceca of Chicks Inoculated with Human and Canine Serpulina pilosicoli

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

The prevalence of Serpulina pilosicoli in humans and domestic animals in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

In Vitro Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents against North American Isolates of Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli

Isolation and Characterization of Brachyspira spp. from Dogs in the Czech Republic

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