Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Adolescents

Abstract

BackgroundThe minimal physical activity intensity that would confer health benefits among adolescents is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of accelerometer-derived light-intensity (split into low and high) physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity with cardiometabolic biomarkers in a large population-based sample.MethodsThe study is based on 1,731 adolescents, aged 12–19 years from the 2003/04 and 2005/06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Low light-intensity activity (100–799 counts/min), high light-intensity activity (800 counts/min to <4 METs) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity (≥4 METs, Freedson age-specific equation) were accelerometer-derived. Cardiometabolic biomarkers, including waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were measured. Triglycerides, LDL- cholesterol, insulin, glucose, and homeostatic model assessments of β-cell function (HOMA-%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) were also measured in a fasting sub-sample (n = 807).ResultsAdjusted for confounders, each additional hour/day of low light-intensity activity was associated with 0.59 (95% CI: 1.18–0.01) mmHG lower diastolic blood pressure. Each additional hour/day of high light-intensity activity was associated with 1.67 (2.94–0.39) mmHG lower diastolic blood pressure and 0.04 (0.001–0.07) mmol/L higher HDL-cholesterol. Each additional hour/day of moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity was associated with 3.54 (5.73–1.35) mmHG lower systolic blood pressure, 5.49 (1.11–9.77)% lower waist circumference, 25.87 (6.08–49.34)% lower insulin, and 16.18 (4.92–28.53)% higher HOMA-%S.ConclusionsTime spent in low light-intensity physical activity and high light-intensity physical activity had some favorable associations with biomarkers. Consistent with current physical activity recommendations for adolescents, moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity had favorable associations with many cardiometabolic biomarkers. While increasing MVPA should still be a public health priority, further studies are needed to identify dose-response relationships for light-intensity activity thresholds to inform future recommendations and interventions for adolescents.

O sobrepeso e a obesidade não estão associados com a pressão arterial elevada em jovens praticantes de esportes

“…Although the relationship between physical activity and HBP has previously been discussed [16][17][18][19][20] , the largest body of evidence indicates no association between physical activity and HBP 24 . The results of the present study corroborated previous studies that indicated no association between practicing sports and HBP in young Brazilians 9,11,[21][22][23] .…”

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Abstract (PR = 1,60,1,52 and 1,93,1,25) and on non sport practitioners (RP = 1,80,1,14 and 2,15,1,16). For young people sports practitioners were not found associations between overweight and obesity with HBP (PR = 1,01, 0,82 and 1,09, 0,48

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Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

“…The current Canadian guidelines are based on a systematic review of the relationships between PA and health indicators in school-aged children and youth, which supported the importance of MVPA Tremblay et al 2010bTremblay et al , 2011. While the significance of MVPA cannot be overstated, this research and messaging approach has resulted in a narrow focus on 1 h of the 24-h period (<5% of each day), and emerging evidence suggests that all intensities of PA (including light-intensity physical activity; LPA) may be important for health promotion and disease prevention (Carson et al 2013). …”

“…4/15 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Belcher et al 2010;Kelly et al 2010;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 1/15 studies reported mixed null and unfavourable associations ) MVPA: 20/30 studies reported favourable associations (Ekelund et al 2004;Lohman et al 2006;Ness et al 2007;Stevens et al 2007;Mark and Janssen 2009;Riddoch et al 2009;Steele et al 2009;Belcher et al 2010;Martinez-Gomez et al 2010b;Holman et al 2011;Grydeland et al 2012;Lawman et al 2012;Carson et al 2013;Ekstedt et al 2013;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013a;Taverno Ross et al 2013;da Silva et al 2014;Young et al 2014;Katzmarzyk et al 2015aKatzmarzyk et al , 2015b) 6/30 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Peart et al 2011;Ruiz et al 2011;Mendoza et al 2012;St George et al 2013;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 3/30 studies reported null associations (Hurtig-Wennlof et al 2007;Ortega et al 2007;Martinez-Gomez et al 2012) 1/30 studies reported mixed null and unfavourable associations (Mark and Janssen 2009;Holman et al 2011) 3 studies examined bouts of MVPA and associations were favourable (2/3 studies; Holman et al 2011;da Silva et al 2014) or mixed (favourable and null; 1/3 studies; Mark and Janssen 2009) MPA: 2/10 studies reported favourable associations …”

Managing Sedentary Behavior to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

“…From a preventive health perspective, the potential of breaking up sitting time and increasing time spent in light-intensity physical activity has emerged as a compelling opportunity to make a practicable and meaningful impact on population activity levels [15,[80][81][82]. On average, MVPA occupies only a few minutes of many adults waking days, thus it has limited potential to displace sedentary time (see Fig.…”