Light intensity and spectral distribution affect chytrid infection of cyanobacteria<i>via</i>modulation of host fitness

Tao, Yile; Wolinska, Justyna; Hölker, Franz; Agha, Ramsy

doi:10.1017/s0031182020000931

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…While we did not measure it directly here, predation by zooplankton could have also been important as shown by Jacquet et al (2014) some situations (i.e., low growth, size reduction, toxin absence or weak concentrations), impact P. rubescens significantly (Oberhaus et al, 2007;Perga et al, 2013;Jacquet et al, 2014). An increased vulnerability to parasites such as viruses or chytrids (Tao et al, 2020) could also be proposed although it remains to be tested. After 2018, the lack of an inoculum, and a sunshine average particularly low prevented P. rubescens to develop again.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Die hard in Lake Bourget! The case of Planktothrix rubescens reborn

Rimet

Girel³

et al. 2021

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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Blooms of Planktothrix rubescens have been recorded for 15 years in Lake Bourget (France), from 1995 to 2009. Then, the presence of this filamentous and toxic cyanobacterium became anecdotic between 2010 and 2015 and it was thought that its proliferation was over. However, blooms occurred again in 2016 and 2017 despite apparent low phosphorus concentrations in surface waters of the lake. We have attempted to explain the reasons for this come back in order to develop scenarios helpful to stakeholders who are concerned such proliferations may occur in the future. We show that phosphorus input, both from the main tributaries to the lake and possibly from the sediments, were likely the triggers of the new development of the cyanobacterium provided a minimum autumn/winter inoculum of P. rubescens was detected the year before. The subsequent bloom was observed deeper than previous years and associated with a conjunction of factors known to favour the development of this species (i.e., mild winter temperature, water column stability, available light at depth, surface water transparency, low predation, etc.). Although many factors and processes could account for the occurrence and bloom of the cyanobacterium, a plausible scenario is proposed. One thing remains unclear: where does this cyanobacterium “hide” when it is not observed during the routine monitoring surveys and from which place it could initiate its development (nearshore, the pelagic zone, or from the sediment?).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Die hard in Lake Bourget! The case of Planktothrix rubescens reborn

Rimet

Girel³

et al. 2021

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…The term 'refuge' in this case does not indicate a physical location but instead a set of environmental conditions that prevents chytrid infection. A recent study has shown that increasing the quantity and quality of light increases chytrid infection of P. rubescens (Tao et al, 2020). Because of the vertical position of P. rubescens in the lake, it is typically subjected to relatively large variations in temperature and light across the steep environmental gradients in its metalimnetic population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is typically found in the metalimnion of deep stratifying lakes, and is adapted to lower light and temperature conditions than other cyanobacteria (Legnani et al, 2005; Walsby et al, 2004). (Bruning, 1991a; Rohrlack et al, 2015; Tao et al, 2020). P. rubescens has a very efficient light harvesting complex composed of both phycocyanin and phycoerythrin in addition to chlorophyll, which allows it to continue photosynthesis at light levels below that of many other phytoplankton species (Davis & Walsby, 2002; Oberhaus et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex effects of chytrid parasites on the growth of the cyanobacteriumPlanktothrix rubescensacross interacting temperature and light gradients

Wierenga

Thomas

Ranjan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Chytrids are important drivers of aquatic ecosystems as phytoplankton parasites. The interaction between these parasites and their hosts are shaped by abiotic factors such as temperature and light. Here, we performed a full-factorial experiment to study how temperature and light interact to affect the dynamics of the bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and its chytrid parasite. We used a dynamic host-parasite model to explore how temperature and light affect long term dynamics. At low temperatures, chytrids do not survive. Higher light and temperature levels stimulated both phytoplankton and chytrid growth, with complex effects on their dynamics. Model exploration indicates that increasing temperature and light shifts equilibrium outcomes from P. rubescens persisting alone to stable co-existence and then to limit cycles. This provides an alternative biological explanation for why P. rubescens is mainly found in the relatively cold and dark lake metalimnion - it may enable avoidance of its parasite. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating how abiotic factors interact with biotic interactions to drive complex outcomes.

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“…Some research focussed on altered predator-prey interactions by fungal infections of cyanobacterial blooms (e.g. Kagami et al 2007, Tao et al 2020. Agha et al (2016) focussed on chytrid infection of cyanobacterial populations, revealing a positive impact on the zooplankter Daphnia by improving food quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome mediated tolerance to biotic stressors: a case study of the interaction between a toxic cyanobacterium and an oomycete-like infection in Daphnia magna

Houwenhuyse

Bulteel²,

Goel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Studies on stressor responses are often performed in controlled laboratory settings. The microbial communities in laboratory setting often differ from the natural environment, which could ultimately be reflected in different stress responses. In this study, we investigated how stressor responses differed between laboratory and natural conditions in Daphnia magna when exposed to single or multiple stressors. Daphnia individuals were exposed to the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and a fungal infection, Aspergillus aculeatus like type. Three genotypes were included to investigate genotype-specific responses. Survival, reproduction and body size were monitored for three weeks and gut microbial communities were sampled and characterized at the end of the experiment. Our study shows that natural environments have a more diverse microbial community compared with laboratory conditions, which was ultimately reflected in the gut microbiomes after inoculation. Stressor responses in Daphnia were affected by their bacterial environment for survival, but not for fecundity and body size. Fecuntiy and body size did show a main stressor effect, which could possibly be linked with stessor-specific microbiomes (for Microcystis and the combined stressor treatment). In addition, genotype-specific responses were detected for survival and fecundity, which could be linked with the selective capabilities of the Daphnia genotypes to select beneficial or neutral microbial stains from the environment.

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Light intensity and spectral distribution affect chytrid infection of cyanobacteriaviamodulation of host fitness

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Die hard in Lake Bourget! The case of Planktothrix rubescens reborn

Die hard in Lake Bourget! The case of Planktothrix rubescens reborn

Complex effects of chytrid parasites on the growth of the cyanobacteriumPlanktothrix rubescensacross interacting temperature and light gradients

Microbiome mediated tolerance to biotic stressors: a case study of the interaction between a toxic cyanobacterium and an oomycete-like infection in Daphnia magna

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