Light Intensity and Light Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Phytochemical Concentrations within Brassica Microgreens

Craver, Joshua K.; Gerovac, Joshua R.; López, Roberto G.; Kopsell, Dean A.

doi:10.21273/jashs03830-16

Cited by 79 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Changes in polyphenol and anthocyanin content were observed in many of the above-referenced reports and in others (e.g. Craver et al 2017). Even levels of secondary metabolites like 'essential oils' can be influenced by light inputs (Sabzalian et al 2014).…”

Section: Nutrients and Neutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Folta

2018

Plant Biol J

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Agricultural production in controlled environments is increasingly feasible, and may play an important role in providing nutrition and choice to growing urban centres. New technologies in lighting, ventilation, robotics and irrigation are just a few of the innovations that enable production of high-value specialty crops outside of a traditional field setting. However, despite all of the advances in the hardware within the plant factory operation, innovation of the most complex machine has been neglected - the plant itself. Indoor agricultural operations typically rely on legacy varieties, plants selected and bred for field conditions. In the field, phenotypic stability is paramount, as production must be consistent in an unpredictable and changing environment. However, the controlled environment affords focus on different breeding priorities as environmental flux, pests, pathogens and post-harvest quality are less formidable barriers to production. On the contrary, breeding for controlled environments shifts the focus to a completely different set of plant traits, such as rapid growth, performance in low light environments and active manipulation of plant stature. Instead of breeding for phenotypic stability, plants may be bred to maximise genetic plasticity, allowing specific traits to be presented as a function of the quality of the ambient light spectrum. In this scenario plant varieties may be grown with optimal size, supporting a focus on consumer traits like flavour or accumulation of health-related compounds. Gene editing may be a central technology in the production of designer plants for controlled environments. This review considers the opportunity for breeding for controlled environments, with a focus on a revision of priorities for controlled-environment breeders.

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Section: Nutrients and Neutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Craver et al . ). Even levels of secondary metabolites like ‘essential oils’ can be influenced by light inputs (Sabzalian et al .…”

Section: Nutrients and Neutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Folta

2018

Plant Biol J

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“…Most research on microgreens has taken place in the last 7 years by a limited but growing number of international research groups (Brazaitytė et al., ; Craver, Gerovac, Lopez, & Kopsell, ; Kyriacou et al., ; Riggio, Wang, Kniel, & Gibson, ; Xiao et al., ). Each group has focused on a narrow subset of microgreens and their issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgreen nutrition, food safety, and shelf life: A review

Turner

Luo

Buchanan

2020

Journal of Food Science

134

101

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Microgreens have gained increasing popularity as food ingredients in recent years because of their high nutritional value and diverse sensorial characteristics. Microgreens are edible seedlings including vegetables and herbs, which have been used, primarily in the restaurant industry, to embellish cuisine since 1996. The rapidly growing microgreen industry faces many challenges. Microgreens share many characteristics with sprouts, and while they have not been associated with any foodborne illness outbreaks, they have recently been the subject of seven recalls. Thus, the potential to carry foodborne pathogens is there, and steps can and should be taken during production to reduce the likelihood of such incidents. One major limitation to the growth of the microgreen industry is the rapid quality deterioration that occurs soon after harvest, which keeps prices high and restricts commerce to local sales. Once harvested, microgreens easily dehydrate, wilt, decay and rapidly lose certain nutrients. Research has explored preharvest and postharvest interventions, such as calcium treatments, modified atmopsphere packaging, temperature control, and light, to maintain quality, augment nutritional value, and extend shelf life. However, more work is needed to optimize both production and storage conditions to improve the safety, quality, and shelf life of microgreens, thereby expanding potential markets.

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“…Although several studies revealed that variation in microgreens' content of bioactive compounds is based on several pre-harvest factors such as genetic material (i.e., species), conditions of cultivation and light parameters (i.e., spectral quality and intensity), additional variables have also been implicated in shaping microgreens' nutritive and phytochemical composition, including nutrition/biofortification and choice of growth medium [4,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Notwithstanding the short crop cycle, special attention must be placed on the selection of growth media for microgreens, which represents one of the most important factors in the production process influencing microgreens quality [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Constitution, Phytochemical and Macronutrient Content in Three Species of Microgreens as Modulated by Natural Fiber and Synthetic Substrates

et al. 2020

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The present study examined the modulatory effects of natural fiber substrates (agave fiber, coconut fiber and peat moss) and synthetic alternatives (capillary mat and cellulose sponge) on the nutritive and phytochemical composition of select microgreens species (coriander, kohlrabi and pak choi) grown in a controlled environment. Polyphenols were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, major carotenoids by HPLC-DAD, and macro-minerals by ion chromatography. Microgreens grown on peat moss had outstanding fresh and dry yield but low dry matter content. Natural fiber substrates increased nitrate and overall macro-mineral concentrations in microgreens compared to synthetic substrates. The concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids and ascorbate were influenced primarily by species. On the contrary, variability in polyphenols content was wider between substrates than species. Out of twenty phenolic compounds identified, chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were most abundant. Hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives accounted for 49.8% of mean phenolic content across species, flavonol glycosides for 48.4% and flavone glycosides for 1.8%. Peat moss provided optimal physicochemical conditions that enhanced microgreens growth rate and biomass production at the expense of phenolic content. In this respect, the application of controlled stress (eustress) on microgreens growing on peat moss warrants investigation as a means of enhancing phytochemical composition without substantial compromise in crop performance and production turnover. Finally, nitrate deprivation practices should be considered for microgreens grown on natural fiber substrates in order to minimize consumer exposure to nitrate.

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Light Intensity and Light Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Phytochemical Concentrations within Brassica Microgreens

Cited by 79 publications

References 38 publications

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Breeding new varieties for controlled environments

Microgreen nutrition, food safety, and shelf life: A review

Phenolic Constitution, Phytochemical and Macronutrient Content in Three Species of Microgreens as Modulated by Natural Fiber and Synthetic Substrates

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