Light-intensity and high-intensity interval training improve cardiometabolic health in rats

Batacan, Romeo; Duncan, Mitch J.; Dalbo, Vincent J.; Connolly, Kylie; Fenning, Andrew

doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0037

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…To diminish stress in the animals, the rats in the exercise groups were adapted to a rodent treadmill for 5 days (at a speed of 10 m/min at 0% inclination for 5 min/day) [16,17]. The process of exercise training is described in our previous study [18].…”

Section: Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercises on IL-6 and GLUT4 Expression in Diabetic Rats

Dehghan

Farzanegi

Abbaszadeh

2019

RMM

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Empirical evidence has shown exercise to be of value in ameliorating symptoms of diabetes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have not been well-studied. To evaluate the effects of continuous and interval exercises on blood glucose and insulin levels and on IL-6 and GLUT4 expression in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Old Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were randomly divided into three groups; namely, the patient (non-exercise control) group, the interval exercise group, and the continuous exercise group. The blood insulin level was measured using a specific ELISA kit, whereas the blood glucose level was determined with an AutoAnalyzer apparatus. Expression of the IL-6 and GLUT4 genes in skeletal muscle was determined using real-time PCR. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The expression of IL-6 and GLUT4 was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of the diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Continuous (9.97-fold; p = 0.000) and interval (7.11-fold; p = 0.000) exercises significantly increased the expression of IL-6 relative to that in the animals of the patient group. Furthermore, continuous (9.36-fold; p = 0.000) and interval (7.65-fold; p = 0.001) exercises also significantly increased the expression of GLUT4 relative to that of the patient group. Both types of exercise training were associated with a significant decrease in the blood glucose and insulin levels compared with the levels in the patient group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Diabetes is significantly associated with IL-6 and GLUT4 downregulation, but this can be reversed through continuous and interval exercises, which also help to lower the blood glucose and insulin levels significantly.

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Section: Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercises on IL-6 and GLUT4 Expression in Diabetic Rats

Dehghan

Farzanegi

Abbaszadeh

2019

RMM

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“…Similarly, benefits from exercise accrue with periods of recovery (21). From a nutrient perspective, exercise is, in fact, a state of relative caloric restriction (18).…”

Section: Effects Of Caloric Restriction On Cardiac Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Mani

Javaheri

Diwan

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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Adaptive responses that counter starvation have evolved over millennia to permit organismal survival, including changes at the level of individual organelles, cells, tissues, and organ systems. In the past century, a shift has occurred away from disease caused by insufficient nutrient supply toward overnutrition, leading to obesity and diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease. The burden of these diseases has spurred interest in fasting strategies that harness physiological responses to starvation, thus limiting tissue injury during metabolic stress. Insights gained from animal and human studies suggest that intermittent fasting and chronic caloric restriction extend lifespan, decrease risk factors for cardiometabolic and inflammatory disease, limit tissue injury during myocardial stress, and activate a cardioprotective metabolic program. Acute fasting activates autophagy, an intricately orchestrated lysosomal degradative process that sequesters cellular constituents for degradation, and is critical for cardiac homeostasis during fasting. Lysosomes are dynamic cellular organelles that function as incinerators to permit autophagy, as well as degradation of extracellular material internalized by endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge that has shaped our understanding of lysosomes as central regulators of cellular metabolism and the fasting response. Intriguingly, lysosomes also store nutrients for release during starvation; and function as a nutrient sensing organelle to couple activation of mammalian target of rapamycin to nutrient availability. This article reviews the evidence for how the lysosome, in the guise of a janitor, may be the "undercover boss" directing cellular processes for beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and restoring homeostasis during feast and famine. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1639-1667, 2018.

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“…The subjects had access to food and water ad libitum. To minimize stress, rats in the training groups were familiarized with a rodent treadmill for five consecutive days (with a speed of 10 m/min at 0% inclination for 5 min/day) (27,28). Rats in the continuous exercise group were subjected to eight weeks of running, five days a week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eight Weeks of Continuous Exercise and Resveratrol Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) Expression in the Soleus Muscle of Elderly Diabetic Rats

2019

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Background and objectives: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of continuous exercise and resveratrol supplementation on insulin resistance and expression of PDK4 in the soleus muscle of elderly rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods: After inducing diabetes in 42 old male rats (mean weigh: 250-300 g, aged about two years), the rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, continuous exercise, supplementation, continuous exercise + supplementation and sham. The continuous exercise group was subjected to eight weeks of running, five sessions a week. Daily 20 mg/Kg body weight resveratrol supplementation was administered to the supplementation and supplementation + exercise groups. To evaluate insulin resistance, the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index was calculated as the product of insulin (μIU/mL) and glucose (mmol/L) divided by 22.5. Expression of the PDK4 gene in the soleus muscle was analyzed by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Resveratrol alone or combined with continuous exercise significantly increased PDK4 expression and slightly decreased insulin resistance in the subjects.Conclusion: Our results show that diabetes is associated with reduced PDK4 expression and increased insulin resistance. These effects can be effectively reversed in the soleus muscle of elderly diabetic rats by resveratrol supplementation alone or combined with continuous exercise.

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Light-intensity and high-intensity interval training improve cardiometabolic health in rats

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Exercises on IL-6 and GLUT4 Expression in Diabetic Rats

Effects of Exercises on IL-6 and GLUT4 Expression in Diabetic Rats

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Effect of Eight Weeks of Continuous Exercise and Resveratrol Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) Expression in the Soleus Muscle of Elderly Diabetic Rats

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