Light-induced nucleation and optical absorption in cesium vapor

Abstract

Evaluation of surface tension and Tolman length as a function of droplet radius from experimental nucleation rate and supersaturation ratio: Metal vapor homogeneous nucleationThe first experimental study of the spectral dependence of the nucleation of cesium vapor caused by light absorption is carried out in a diffusion cloud chamber. The spectral dependence of the nucleation rate is compared with the absorption and ionization spectra of cesium vapor. The results evidence that the observed structure in the nucleation spectrum at photon energies above the ionization threshold is correlated to the light-induced ionization of cesium dimers Cs 2 ϩ . At lower photon energies light-induced nucleation can be either due to generation of ions by direct ionization of cesium clusters, to various two-step ionization processes, or to optical excitation of cesium atoms. The spectral dependence of the nucleation rate provides a new and powerful tool to study ionization spectra of metal vapors. In addition to results obtained by conventional methods a more consolidated insight into energy levels of atoms and clusters under equilibrium conditions is possible.

Homogeneous and Light-Induced Nucleation of Sulfur Vapor Diffusion Cloud Chamber Investigations of Constant Rate Supersaturation

“…The equipment requirements with respect to the upward diffusion cloud chamber used in these experiments are similar to those for the alkali metal investigations performed earlier …”

“…The equipment requirements with respect to the upward diffusion cloud chamber used in these experiments are similar to those for the alkali metal investigations performed earlier. 16 A stainless steel chamber with directly sealed sapphire windows is used that can withstand liquid sulfur up to temperatures of 700 K. The steel (German material number DIN 1.4571 corresponding to AISI 316Ti) has been tested by separate corrosion experiments which showed a loss of weight of less than 0.1% within 5 days at the maximum temperatures. A further important prerequisite was the commercial availability of highpurity sulfur (>99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich).…”

Wetting under Electromagnetic Resonance Irradiation

“…Вони можуть привести до змiни макро-скопiчних рiвноважних властивостей системи на-вiть при незначнiй концентрацiї збуджених атомiв [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Можна також вказати на ряд експеримен-тальних дослiджень, якi стосуються плинiв в умо-вах резонансного опромiнення [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

A compact setup to study homogeneous nucleation and condensation

“…Only for two metals extensive experimental data are available namely cesium [7][8][9] and mercury. Only for two metals extensive experimental data are available namely cesium [7][8][9] and mercury.…”