“…They can be overcome by doping with [19,20]. Compared with F e:LiN bO 3 crystal, concentration decreasing of N bLi +4 in Zn:F e:LiN bO 3 crystal improves the ability of optical damage resistance and shortens the response time [21,22]. Furthermore, the reduction treatment on the Zn:F e:LiN bO 3 changes the concentrations of F e +2 , F e +3 and [NvLi] +4 and improves its photorefractive properties [23,24].…”