Light‐Induced Ambient Degradation of Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus: Mechanism and Protection

Abstract

The environmental instability of single- or few-layer black phosphorus (BP) has become a major hurdle for BP-based devices. The degradation mechanism remains unclear and finding ways to protect BP from degradation is still highly challenging. Based on ab initio electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, a three-step picture on the ambient degradation of BP is provided: generation of superoxide under light, dissociation of the superoxide, and eventual breakdown under the action of water. The well-matched band gap and band-edge positions for the redox potential accelerates the degradation of thinner BP. Furthermore, it was found that the formation of P-O-P bonds can greatly stabilize the BP framework. A possible protection strategy using a fully oxidized BP layer as the native capping is thus proposed. Such a fully oxidization layer can resist corrosion from water and leave the BP underneath intact with simultaneous high hole mobility.

Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets for Electrochemical Applications Are Produced by Shear Exfoliation Using Kitchen Blenders

“…Pnictigen bulk have originally ac onsiderable percentage of oxides owing to the partial oxidation of its exposed surface.T he deconvoluted peaks yield both the element phase (As 3d, Sb 3d (5/2 and 3/2) ,and Bi 4f (7/2 and 5/2) )a nd partial oxidation to E 2 O 3 (E = pnictogen) and for Sb,a lso Sb 2 O 5 (see Table S2) as the Raman results already pointed to.O verall, after shear exfoliation, Pnicto-gen SE have increased content of oxides,m ainly owing to the larger exposed surface area. [31] Thes ame is expected to happen with the other pnictogens studied (As,Sb, and Bi). [31] Thes ame is expected to happen with the other pnictogens studied (As,Sb, and Bi).…”

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

“…[64] Nevertheless,B Pi st he first investigated 2D material to undergo noticeable degradation upon exposure to ambient air. [ [100] D) Mechanismso falignment of various soft materials on the atomic grooves of BP. [65] The stability of layered BP promptly became ac oncern, which prompted at rend when reporting the synthesis and application of BP of directly stating "stable" or "passivated" BP in the title.…”

Atomic-scale mechanisms of defect- and light-induced oxidation and degradation of InSe

“…10,11 Due to the break-up of lattice periodicity, redistribution of the electron density around defects core often occurs, rendering 2D sheets very active and sensitive to the environment. 6,12,13 Phosphorene is a well-known example which shows a rapid oxidation due to chemical adsorption of O2 molecules, 14 photo-oxidation, 4,5 and defect-assisted oxidation. 15 Indium selenide (InSe), a recently emerging layered metal monochalcogenide III-VI compound with each InSe layer composed of covalently bonded Se-In-In-Se atomic planes, has attracted great attention, 16,17 owing to its intriguing electronic properties and dramatically different behaviors compared with other 2D materials.…”