“…The absorption coefécient of BTO crystals in the red region also considerably increases after their irradiation by 525-nm semiconductor light-emitting diodes [18]. In accordance with the model of photoinduced impurity absorption presented above, this is caused by the population of traps with average ionisation energies E 1 1X60 eV and E 2 2X57 eV by photoexcited electrons and should increase both the speed of response and the eféciency of dynamic holography devices based on photosensitive BTO crystals.…”
Section: Discussion Of the Resultssupporting
confidence: 71%
“…It is assumed in [13,17,19] that traps are shallow and their depletion due to thermal excitation of electrons to the conduction band provides the relaxation of induced variations in absorption in the dark. However, the authors of [18] have shown that the localisation depth of the trap energy levels in the energy gap of a Bi 12 TiO 20 : Ca crystal exceeds 1.43 eV from the conduction- band bottom. The corresponding value for a pure BTO crystal can be estimated from the data presented in [20] as 1.17 eV.…”
Section: Theoretical Model Of Photoinduced Impurity Absorptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Photoinduced absorption of light in sillenite crystals is usually studied by exposing them to continuous broadband radiation from lamps [1, 3, 8 ë 12], monochromatic laser radiation [13 ë 16] or quasi-monochromatic radiation from semiconductor light-emitting diodes [15 ë 17]. The study of the dynamics of photoinduced absorption in B 12 TiO 20 : Ca crystals irradiated sequentially by quasi-monochromatic light in the red (660 nm) and green (525 nm) spectral regions revealed a considerable mutual inêuence of irradiation at one wavelength on the absorption of radiation at the other wavelength [18].…”
The spectral dependences of absorption photoinduced in a pure bismuth titanium oxide crystal by 532-nm laser pulses are studied. It is shown that optical absorption in the crystal in the range from 492 to 840 nm increases with increasing exposure. The photoinduced absorption relaxes in the dark for more than 60 hours. A model of photoinduced absorption is proposed which assumes the population of two trap centres with the normal energy distribution law for the concentrations of electrons photoexcited from donors to the conduction band. This model well describes the spectral dependences of photoinduced absorption by using the average ionisation energies of the traps E 1 1X60 eV and E 2 2X57 eV. The model is used to estimate the increase in the photorefractive sensitivity of a bismuth titanium oxide crystal in the near IR region, which was earlier observed after exposing the crystal to visible radiation. It is predicted that the speed of response of dynamic holography devices based on BTO crystals exposed to green light can be increased.
“…The absorption coefécient of BTO crystals in the red region also considerably increases after their irradiation by 525-nm semiconductor light-emitting diodes [18]. In accordance with the model of photoinduced impurity absorption presented above, this is caused by the population of traps with average ionisation energies E 1 1X60 eV and E 2 2X57 eV by photoexcited electrons and should increase both the speed of response and the eféciency of dynamic holography devices based on photosensitive BTO crystals.…”
Section: Discussion Of the Resultssupporting
confidence: 71%
“…It is assumed in [13,17,19] that traps are shallow and their depletion due to thermal excitation of electrons to the conduction band provides the relaxation of induced variations in absorption in the dark. However, the authors of [18] have shown that the localisation depth of the trap energy levels in the energy gap of a Bi 12 TiO 20 : Ca crystal exceeds 1.43 eV from the conduction- band bottom. The corresponding value for a pure BTO crystal can be estimated from the data presented in [20] as 1.17 eV.…”
Section: Theoretical Model Of Photoinduced Impurity Absorptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Photoinduced absorption of light in sillenite crystals is usually studied by exposing them to continuous broadband radiation from lamps [1, 3, 8 ë 12], monochromatic laser radiation [13 ë 16] or quasi-monochromatic radiation from semiconductor light-emitting diodes [15 ë 17]. The study of the dynamics of photoinduced absorption in B 12 TiO 20 : Ca crystals irradiated sequentially by quasi-monochromatic light in the red (660 nm) and green (525 nm) spectral regions revealed a considerable mutual inêuence of irradiation at one wavelength on the absorption of radiation at the other wavelength [18].…”
The spectral dependences of absorption photoinduced in a pure bismuth titanium oxide crystal by 532-nm laser pulses are studied. It is shown that optical absorption in the crystal in the range from 492 to 840 nm increases with increasing exposure. The photoinduced absorption relaxes in the dark for more than 60 hours. A model of photoinduced absorption is proposed which assumes the population of two trap centres with the normal energy distribution law for the concentrations of electrons photoexcited from donors to the conduction band. This model well describes the spectral dependences of photoinduced absorption by using the average ionisation energies of the traps E 1 1X60 eV and E 2 2X57 eV. The model is used to estimate the increase in the photorefractive sensitivity of a bismuth titanium oxide crystal in the near IR region, which was earlier observed after exposing the crystal to visible radiation. It is predicted that the speed of response of dynamic holography devices based on BTO crystals exposed to green light can be increased.
“…A slow prolonged component of light-induced absorption is observed both for TM 0 and TM 7 modes. However, this component causes the decrease in light absorption for TM 0 mode and growth for TM 7 mode at t4200 s: It is assumed [9,10] that the defect donor and trap centers are responsible for light-induced absorption in sillenite crystals. The observed distinctions indicate that these centers have an inhomogeneous distribution on the depth of epitaxial structure BTO:Cu/BSO.…”
Section: Waveguide Properties Of Epitaxial Structuresmentioning
“…Also, results of applying a model of the photorefractive effect with shallow and deep traps [65][66][67][68][69][70][71] for interpreting experimental results from a study of two-wave mixing were given. This model was used [72] with light-induced absorption incorporated additionally into the examination.…”
Section: Role Of the Piezoelectric Effect In The Formation And Readinmentioning
535.4:548The evolution of the theoretical and experimental background for a photorefractive effect in cubic gyrotropic piezocrystals is reviewed. It is shown that the impact of the inverse piezoelectric effect and the photoelasticity on the formation and properties of holograms recorded in such crystals is not reduced to minor quantitative variations in their output characteristics but gives rise to qualitative changes both in the orientation and polarization dependences of the hologram diffraction efficiency and in the gain of an object wave at the expense of a reference one. Contributions of various scientific optical schools to the development of theoretical and experimental investigations on the photorefractive effect in cubic piezoelectric crystals are acknowledged and the importance of the experimental results is demonstrated. Particular emphasis is placed on ways to optimize the output characteristics of holograms recorded in cubic gyrotropic photorefractive piezocrystals. Among these are the choice of crystal cut, the selection of the crystal orientation, and the polarization of the light waves.
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