Light-Harvesting Proteins

Minagawa, Jun

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370873-1.00022-8

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…The archetypical State 1 was obtained in oxic conditions, with light and inhibition of PS II by addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) promoting complete oxidation of the plastoquinone pool2021. The wild type displayed a phosphorylation pattern identical to that observed with stt7 —a reference for State 1—with no detectable phosphorylation of the LHCII proteins P13 and P17 and low levels of phosphorylation of P11, CP26 and CP29 (refer to Minagawa and Takahashi22 and Minagawa23 for the correspondence between proteins and lhcb gene nomenclature). A similar State 1-type phosphorylation pattern was observed with the ptox2 mutant kept under illumination in the presence of DCMU, albeit slightly less pronounced than in the wild type or stt7 cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition

et al. 2013

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Photosynthesis is the biological process that feeds the biosphere with reduced carbon. The assimilation of CO2 requires the fine tuning of two co-existing functional modes: linear electron flow, which provides NADPH and ATP, and cyclic electron flow, which only sustains ATP synthesis. Although the importance of this fine tuning is appreciated, its mechanism remains equivocal. Here we show that cyclic electron flow as well as formation of supercomplexes, thought to contribute to the enhancement of cyclic electron flow, are promoted in reducing conditions with no correlation with the reorganization of the thylakoid membranes associated with the migration of antenna proteins towards Photosystems I or II, a process known as state transition. We show that cyclic electron flow is tuned by the redox power and this provides a mechanistic model applying to the entire green lineage including the vast majority of the cases in which state transition only involves a moderate fraction of the antenna.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition

et al. 2013

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“…In contrast to the VDE mutant of vascular plants, the npq1 mutant of C. reinhardtii showed only a minor effect on qE, indicating a possibility that the majority of photoprotection is achieved without Zx in this alga (Niyogi et al ., ,b). Although the lack of VDE activity induced little photoinhibition under HL conditions, an additional mutation in npq1 that inhibits lutein synthesis ( lor1 ) caused severe photoinhibition, suggesting that lutein, a central structural component of LHCIIs (Minagawa, ), greatly contributes to qE quenching in C. reinhardtii (Niyogi et al ., ).…”

Section: Qe Quenchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the green alga C. reinhardtii , there are four major LHCII proteins (types I–IV) with five, one, two and one isoform, respectively (LHCBM3, 4, 6, 8 and 9; LHCBM5; LHCBM2 and 7; LHCBM1) (Minagawa and Takahashi, ), whereas in the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana , there are three major trimeric LHCII proteins (types I–III) with five, four and one isoform, respectively (LHCB1.1–1.5; LHCB2.1–2.4; LHCB3.1) (Jansson, ). The two minor LHCII proteins CP29 and CP26 are encoded by LHCB4 and LHCB5 , respectively, in C. reinhardtii (Teramoto et al ., ; Minagawa, ), whereas A. thaliana expresses another minor LHCII protein CP24, encoded by LHCB6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vascular plants, the LHCI belt is formed by four LHCI proteins in the order LHCA1, 4, 2 and 3 ( Figure 1d). In C. reinhardtii, however, nine LHCI proteins in total, encoded by the LHCA1-9 genes (Stauber et al, 2003;Minagawa, 2009), form a double-layered LHCI belt attached to the side of the PsaJ/F/G subunits when grown under low light conditions (Drop et al, 2011) (Figure 1b). Proteomic studies demonstrated that the LHCI belt is in fact heterogeneous, and several LHCI proteins are not present stoichiometrically (Tokutsu et al, 2004;Stauber et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic regulation of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Minagawa

Tokutsu

2015

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYPlants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimatize to ever-changing environments to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO 2 . The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors, including temperature, drought, CO 2 concentration, and the quality and quantity of light. Recently, our understanding of such regulators of photosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms has increased considerably. The photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganizations within a short time after receiving environmental cues. These reorganizations include state transitions that balance the excitation of the two photosystems: qE quenching, which thermally dissipates excess energy at the level of the light-harvesting antenna, and cyclic electron flow, which supplies the increased ATP demanded by CO 2 assimilation and the pH gradient to activate qE quenching. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the environmental regulation of photosynthesis in model organisms, paying particular attention to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which offer a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machinery in nature.

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“…In the green plant lineage, the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses 5, 4 and 1 genes encoding the type I, II and III major trimeric LHCII polypeptides, respectively. These genes include duplicated gene family members, and each of 3 minor monomeric LHCIIs is encoded by a single gene in addition to 4 genes encoding LHCI polypeptides [ 23 , 24 ]. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , four major trimeric LHCII (type I-IV) polypeptides are encoded by 5, 1, 2 and 1 genes, respectively, and a single gene for each of the two minor LHCII polypeptides and 9 genes for LHCI are present [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of the Light-Harvesting Complex Gene Family via Intra- and Intergenic Duplications in the Coral Symbiotic Alga Symbiodinium

et al. 2015

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The light-harvesting complex (LHC) is an essential component in light energy capture and transduction to facilitate downstream photosynthetic reactions in plant and algal chloroplasts. The unicellular dinoflagellate alga Symbiodinium is an endosymbiont of cnidarian animals, including corals and sea anemones, and provides carbohydrates generated through photosynthesis to host animals. Although Symbiodinium possesses a unique LHC gene family, called chlorophyll a-chlorophyll c2-peridinin protein complex (acpPC), its genome-level diversity and evolutionary trajectories have not been investigated. Here, we describe a phylogenetic analysis revealing that many of the LHCs are encoded by highly duplicated genes with multi-subunit polyprotein structures in the nuclear genome of Symbiodinium minutum. This analysis provides an extended list of the LHC gene family in a single organism, including 80 loci encoding polyproteins composed of 145 LHC subunits recovered in the phylogenetic tree. In S. minutum, 5 phylogenetic groups of the Lhcf-type gene family, which is exclusively conserved in algae harboring secondary plastids of red algal origin, were identified. Moreover, 5 groups of the Lhcr-type gene family, of which members are known to be associated with PSI in red algal plastids and secondary plastids of red algal origin, were identified. Notably, members classified within a phylogenetic group of the Lhcf-type (group F1) are highly duplicated, which may explain the presence of an unusually large number of LHC genes in this species. Some gene units were homologous to other units within single loci of the polyprotein genes, whereas intergenic homologies between separate loci were conspicuous in other cases, implying that gene unit ‘shuffling’ by gene conversion and/or genome rearrangement might have been a driving force for diversification. These results suggest that vigorous intra- and intergenic gene duplication events have resulted in the genomic framework of photosynthesis in coral symbiont dinoflagellate algae.

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Light-Harvesting Proteins

Cited by 13 publications

References 157 publications

Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition

Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition

Dynamic regulation of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Diversification of the Light-Harvesting Complex Gene Family via Intra- and Intergenic Duplications in the Coral Symbiotic Alga Symbiodinium

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