Light guidance in photonic band gap guiding dual-ring light cages implemented by direct laser writing

Jang, Bumjoon; Gargiulo, Julián; Ando, Ron Fatobene; Lauri, Alberto; Maier, Stefan A.; Schmidt, Markus A.

doi:10.1364/ol.44.004016

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is due to the attenuation in the LC used in this experiment and therefore the decreasing Rabi frequency along the propagation axis. In a LC with smaller losses, which can be achieved by an improved design 40 , the exponent would also approach m LC = 1/2. At coupling powers below P c = 10 mW, the light cage clearly outperforms the free-space situation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherent interaction of atoms with a beam of light confined in a light cage

et al. 2021

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Controlling coherent interaction between optical fields and quantum systems in scalable, integrated platforms is essential for quantum technologies. Miniaturised, warm alkali-vapour cells integrated with on-chip photonic devices represent an attractive system, in particular for delay or storage of a single-photon quantum state. Hollow-core fibres or planar waveguides are widely used to confine light over long distances enhancing light-matter interaction in atomic-vapour cells. However, they suffer from inefficient filling times, enhanced dephasing for atoms near the surfaces, and limited light-matter overlap. We report here on the observation of modified electromagnetically induced transparency for a non-diffractive beam of light in an on-chip, laterally-accessible hollow-core light cage. Atomic layer deposition of an alumina nanofilm onto the light-cage structure was utilised to precisely tune the high-transmission spectral region of the light-cage mode to the operation wavelength of the atomic transition, while additionally protecting the polymer against the corrosive alkali vapour. The experiments show strong, coherent light-matter coupling over lengths substantially exceeding the Rayleigh range. Additionally, the stable non-degrading performance and extreme versatility of the light cage provide an excellent basis for a manifold of quantum-storage and quantum-nonlinear applications, highlighting it as a compelling candidate for all-on-chip, integrable, low-cost, vapour-based photon delay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rabi frequency along z is displayed in the top inset for both f.sp (dashed) and LC (solid). For comparison, the delay of an improved LC 40 with reduced loss α LC /100 and decoherence rate γ d = 100 kHz is shown as a dark blue curve. Rabi frequency along z in this improved LC (bottom inset, solid line) and corresponding f.sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent interaction of atoms with a beam of light confined in a light cage

et al. 2021

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“…Due to its unique shape, this device yields various key features such as direct access to the core region through the transversally separated strands, high fraction of modal fields in the hollow core section, and mode propagation over centimeter distances. First gas sensing experiments have been performed [13], while a photonic band gap version of the light cage with significantly reduced modal attenuation at small core sizes was recently reported [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this work the RI of the strand material (polymer) has been included using a recently reported Sellmeier model [15] while the RI of Al 2 O 3 has been determined by ellipsometry (defined in Appendix B). As shown in Fig.…”

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“…To compare the experimentally measured resonance wavelengths λ R to simulations, we define the simulated resonance as being identical to the cut-off wavelengths of the isolated mode λ c which is defined by the condition n eff = 1 (green dots in Fig. 2) [15]. The dependence of λ c on the various parameters can be straightforwardly revealed by assuming a scalar wave function ansatz within the concentric three layer system, leading to a quasi-analytical equation (Eq.…”

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Fine-tuning of the optical properties of hollow-core light cages using dielectric nanofilms

Jang¹,

Gargiulo²,

Ziegler³

et al. 2019

Opt. Lett.

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Here we show that the optical properties of direct-laserwritten on-chip hollow-core waveguides -so-called light cages -can be controlled to a very high degree by dielectric nanofilms. Using low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD), alumina nanofilms were concentrically deposited on the high-aspect strands which surround the central air core and confine the light via the anti-resonant effect. In accordance with modal cut-off simulations without any free parameters, a linear spectral shift of the resonances with increasing film thickness is experimentally observed. The phenomenon is explained by a shift of the dispersions of cladding supermodes. As neither cage geometry nor polymer is affected by the film deposition our results suggest atomic layer deposition to be an essential tool for fine-tuning the properties of hollow core light cages and to protect them from aggressive substances, being relevant for, e.g., bioanalytics or quantum technology.

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The Optofluidic Light Cage – On-Chip Integrated Spectroscopy Using an Antiresonance Hollow Core Waveguide

et al. 2020

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Emerging applications in spectroscopy-related bioanalytics demand for integrated devices with small geometric footprints and fast response times. While hollow core waveguides principally provide such conditions, currently used approaches include limitations such as long diffusion times, limited light−matter interaction, substantial implementation efforts, and difficult waveguide interfacing. Here, we introduce the concept of the optofluidic light cage that allows for fast and reliable integrated spectroscopy using a novel on-chip hollow core waveguide platform. The structure, implemented by 3D nanoprinting, consists of millimeterlong high-aspect-ratio strands surrounding a hollow core and includes the unique feature of open space between the strands, allowing analytes to sidewise enter the core region. Reliable, robust, and long-term stable light transmission via antiresonance guidance was observed while the light cages were immersed in an aqueous environment. The performance of the light cage related to absorption spectroscopy, refractive index sensitivity, and dye diffusion was experimentally determined, matching simulations and thus demonstrating the relevance of this approach with respect to chemistry and bioanalytics. The presented work features the optofluidic light cage as a novel on-chip sensing platform with unique properties, opening new avenues for highly integrated sensing devices with real-time responses. Application of this concept is not only limited to absorption spectroscopy but also includes Raman, photoluminescence, or fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, more sophisticated applications are also conceivable in, e.g., nanoparticle tracking analysis or ultrafast nonlinear frequency conversion.

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Light guidance in photonic band gap guiding dual-ring light cages implemented by direct laser writing

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Coherent interaction of atoms with a beam of light confined in a light cage

Coherent interaction of atoms with a beam of light confined in a light cage

Fine-tuning of the optical properties of hollow-core light cages using dielectric nanofilms

The Optofluidic Light Cage – On-Chip Integrated Spectroscopy Using an Antiresonance Hollow Core Waveguide

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