Light governs asexual differentiation in the grey mould fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> via the putative transcription factor BcLTF2

Cohrs, Kim Christopher; Simon, Adeline; Viaud, Muriel; Schumacher, Julia

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13431

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…CSM1 rescued the defects in growth on CD, ROS tolerance (growth on CM in presence of H 2 O 2 ), and in virulence on bean plants, but failed to restore light-dependent differentiation (sclerotial development in constant darkness) and the capacity to acidify the culture medium ( Figure 4A ). The Ltf1-dependent TF LTF2 , encoding the major, positive-acting regulator of conidiation in B. cinerea (Cohrs et al, 2016) was still expressed in the LTF1 C CSM 1 mutants in the dark, a result which is in accordance with the observed production of conidia under these otherwise repressing conditions. Nevertheless, expression of PKS13 encoding the key enzyme for conidial melanogenesis (Schumacher, 2016), was significantly repressed ( Figure 4B ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

The GATA-Type Transcription Factor Csm1 Regulates Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi

et al. 2017

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GATA-type transcription factors (TFs) such as the nitrogen regulators AreA and AreB, or the light-responsive TFs WC-1 and WC-2, play global roles in fungal growth and development. The conserved GATA TF NsdD is known as an activator of sexual development and key repressor of conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans, and as light-regulated repressor of macroconidia formation in Botrytis cinerea. In the present study, we functionally characterized the NsdD ortholog in Fusarium fujikuroi, named Csm1. Deletion of this gene resulted in elevated microconidia formation in the wild-type (WT) and restoration of conidiation in the non-sporulating velvet mutant Δvel1 demonstrating that Csm1 also plays a role as repressor of conidiation in F. fujikuroi. Furthermore, biosynthesis of the PKS-derived red pigments, bikaverin and fusarubins, is de-regulated under otherwise repressing conditions. Cross-species complementation of the Δcsm1 mutant with the B. cinerea ortholog LTF1 led to full restoration of WT-like growth, conidiation and pigment formation. In contrast, the F. fujikuroi CSM1 rescued only the defects in growth, the tolerance to H2O2 and virulence, but did not restore the light-dependent differentiation when expressed in the B. cinerea Δltf1 mutant. Microarray analysis comparing the expression profiles of the F. fujikuroi WT and the Δcsm1 mutant under different nitrogen conditions revealed a strong impact of this GATA TF on 19 of the 47 gene clusters in the genome of F. fujikuroi. One of the up-regulated silent gene clusters is the one containing the sesquiterpene cyclase-encoding key gene STC1. Heterologous expression of STC1 in Escherichia coli enabled us to identify the product as the volatile bioactive compound (–)-germacrene D.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

The GATA-Type Transcription Factor Csm1 Regulates Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi

et al. 2017

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“…6). Two of the genes (bcltf1, bop1) are induced by light in a partially WCC dependent manner (40), whereas bcltf2 and bcltf12 are overexpressed in the absence of light (41). Strains were cultivated on solid CM with a cellophane overlay in DD for 2 days and were then either harvested immediately or exposed to light for different periods.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BcWCL1 interacts with BcWCL2, resulting in the formation of the WCC (39), which acts as a negative regulator of conidiation. Loss of BcWCL1 causes lightindependent formation of conidia (the "always conidia" phenotype) through the deregulation of bcltf2, encoding a C 2 H 2 TF as a positive regulator of conidiation (40,41). Further, the WCC regulates virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana by allowing a time-of-day adaptation of the infection process through entrainment of a BcFRQ1-based circadian clock (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Two Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Proteins Fulfill Distinct Roles in DNA Photorepair and Regulation of Conidiation in the Gray Mold Fungus Botrytis cinerea

Cohrs

Schumacher

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The plant-pathogenic leotiomycete is known for the strict regulation of its asexual differentiation programs by environmental light conditions. Sclerotia are formed in constant darkness; black/near-UV (NUV) light induces conidiation; and blue light represses both differentiation programs. Sensing of black/NUV light is attributed to proteins of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). To elucidate the molecular basis of the photoinduction of conidiation, we functionally characterized the two CPF proteins encoded in the genome of as putative positive-acting components. CRY1 (BcCRY1), a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, acts as the major enzyme of light-driven DNA repair (photoreactivation) and has no obvious role in signaling. In contrast, BcCRY2, belonging to the cry-DASH proteins, is dispensable for photorepair but performs regulatory functions by repressing conidiation in white and especially black/NUV light. The transcription of and is induced by light in a White Collar complex (WCC)-dependent manner, but neither light nor the WCC is essential for the repression of conidiation through BcCRY2 when is constitutively expressed. Further, BcCRY2 affects the transcript levels of both WCC-induced and WCC-repressed genes, suggesting a signaling function downstream of the WCC. Since both CPF proteins are dispensable for photoinduction by black/NUV light, the origin of this effect remains elusive and may be connected to a yet unknown UV-light-responsive system. is an economically important plant pathogen that causes gray mold diseases in a wide variety of plant species, including high-value crops and ornamental flowers. The spread of disease in the field relies on the formation of conidia, a process that is regulated by different light qualities. While this feature has been known for a long time, we are just starting to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Conidiation in is induced by black/near-UV light, whose sensing is attributed to the action of cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) proteins. Here we report on the distinct functions of two CPF proteins in the photoresponse of While BcCRY1 acts as the major photolyase in photoprotection, BcCRY2 acts as a cryptochrome with a signaling function in regulating photomorphogenesis (repression of conidiation).

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“…In a context in which sequence conservation does not correlate with conservation of the same cellular function, and new TFs controlling development emerge as the different fungal orders, families, genera and probably even species themselves differentiate implies that broadening the search for mutants impaired in asexual development is necessary in as many reference systems as possible. Thus, mutant screenings such as the one carried out in B. cinerea for the identification of light induced TFs (Cohrs et al 2016;Schumacher 2017;Brandhoff et al 2017) or the identification and characterization of proteins controlling asexual sporulation in agaricomycetes (reviewed by (Kües et al 2016)) serve as examples and must be acknowledged. Overall, these examples suggest that the application of known activities and relationships of developmental regulators from one model to related species cannot be treated as a given, and may misdirect research.…”

Section: Most Of Thesementioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring of transcriptional networks as a major event leading to the diversity of asexual multicellularity in fungi

Etxebeste

Otamendi

Garzia

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Complex multicellularity (CM) is characterized by the generation of threedimensional structures that follow a genetically controlled program. CM emerged at least five times in evolution, one of them in fungi. There are two types of CM programs in fungi, leading, respectively, to the formation of sexual or asexual spores. Asexual spores foment the spread of mycoses, as they are the main vehicle for dispersion. In spite of this key dependence, there is great morphological diversity of asexual multicellular structures in fungi. To advance the understanding of the mechanisms that control initiation and progression of asexual CM and how they can lead to such a remarkable morphological diversification, we studied 503 fungal proteomes, representing all phyla and subphyla, and most known classes. Conservation analyses of 33 regulators of asexual development suggest stepwise emergence of transcription factors. While velvet proteins constitute one of the most ancient systems, the central regulator BrlA emerged late in evolution (with the class eurotiomycetes). Some factors, such as MoConX4, seem to be species-specific. These observations suggest that the emergence and evolution of transcriptional regulators rewire transcriptional networks. This process could reach the species level, resulting in a vast diversity of morphologies.

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Light governs asexual differentiation in the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea via the putative transcription factor BcLTF2

Cited by 32 publications

References 72 publications

The GATA-Type Transcription Factor Csm1 Regulates Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi

The GATA-Type Transcription Factor Csm1 Regulates Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi

The Two Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Proteins Fulfill Distinct Roles in DNA Photorepair and Regulation of Conidiation in the Gray Mold Fungus Botrytis cinerea

Rewiring of transcriptional networks as a major event leading to the diversity of asexual multicellularity in fungi

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