Light-emitting diodes in photodynamic therapy in non-melanoma skin cancers – own observations and literature review

Erkiert‐Polguj, Anna; Halbina, Adam; Polak-Pacholczyk, Izabela; Rotsztejn, Helena

doi:10.3109/14764172.2015.1114635

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Numerous studies are looking to optimize light sources with new approaches. For instance, the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) in PDT is investigated [ 90 , 91 , 92 ]. LEDs are cheap, easy to manufacture, have a high power output and can be used for a broad range of wavelengths.…”

Section: Principles Of Pdtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions

Straten

Mashayekhi

Bruijn

et al. 2017

Cancers

813

675

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy, based on a photochemical reaction between a light activatable molecule or photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. When these three harmless components are present together, reactive oxygen species are formed. These can directly damage cells and/or vasculature, and induce inflammatory and immune responses. PDT is a two-stage procedure, which starts with photosensitizer administration followed by a locally directed light exposure, with the aim of confined tumor destruction. Since its regulatory approval, over 30 years ago, PDT has been the subject of numerous studies and has proven to be an effective form of cancer therapy. This review provides an overview of the clinical trials conducted over the last 10 years, illustrating how PDT is applied in the clinic today. Furthermore, examples from ongoing clinical trials and the most recent preclinical studies are presented, to show the directions, in which PDT is headed, in the near and distant future. Despite the clinical success reported, PDT is still currently underutilized in the clinic. We also discuss the factors that hamper the exploration of this effective therapy and what should be changed to render it a more effective and more widely available option for patients.

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Section: Principles Of Pdtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions

Straten

Mashayekhi

Bruijn

et al. 2017

Cancers

813

675

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of LED source provides practical advantages in PDT. For example, LED source is cheaper and easy to design and the field of irradiation is larger ( Pariser et al, 2008 ; Hempstead et al, 2015 ; Erkiert-Polguj et al, 2016 ). Narrow emission band can be selected precisely to maximize the PS efficacy compared to the use of daylight (DL).…”

Section: Current Limitations Of Photodynamic Therapy Utilization In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy—Current Limitations and Novel Approaches

2021

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.

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“…In order to exploit C 60 photosensitizing activity a high-power a single chip light-emitting diode-based light source was constructed. The use of high-power single chip LEDs is expected to promote PDT application, since they have a higher portability and an extremely lower cost, compromising the efficiency of lasers [71,72]. The possibility to vary the evenly irradiated area is one of the main advantages of the developed system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapies with C60 Fullerene-Doxorubicin Nanocomplex

et al. 2019

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A nanosized drug complex was explored to improve the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy, complementing it with nanodelivery and photodynamic therapy. For this, nanomolar amounts of a non-covalent nanocomplex of Doxorubicin (Dox) with carbon nanoparticle C60 fullerene (C60) were applied in 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio, exploiting C60 both as a drug-carrier and as a photosensitizer. The fluorescence microscopy analysis of human leukemic CCRF-CEM cells, in vitro cancer model, treated with nanocomplexes showed Dox’s nuclear and C60’s extranuclear localization. It gave an opportunity to realize a double hit strategy against cancer cells based on Dox’s antiproliferative activity and C60’s photoinduced pro-oxidant activity. When cells were treated with 2:1 C60-Dox and irradiated at 405 nm the high cytotoxicity of photo-irradiated C60-Dox enabled a nanomolar concentration of Dox and C60 to efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro. The high pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic efficiency decreased IC50 16, 9 and 7 × 103-fold, if compared with the action of Dox, non-irradiated nanocomplex, and C60’s photodynamic effect, correspondingly. Hereafter, a strong synergy of therapy arising from the combination of C60-mediated Dox delivery and C60 photoexcitation was revealed. Our data indicate that a combination of chemo- and photodynamic therapies with C60-Dox nanoformulation provides a promising synergetic approach for cancer treatment.

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Light-emitting diodes in photodynamic therapy in non-melanoma skin cancers – own observations and literature review

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions

Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions

Photodynamic Therapy—Current Limitations and Novel Approaches

Synergy of Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapies with C60 Fullerene-Doxorubicin Nanocomplex

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