Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry

Sanderson, Susan Walsh; Simons, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.07.011

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, patents that serve as the foundation of subsequent patents are more likely to become litigation targets (Lanjouw & Schankerman, 2001), and firms in highly fragmented markets, such as semiconductors, patent more to hedge themselves against litigation risks (Ziedonis, 2004). Another example is the early stage of the LED lighting industry; the innovating firms were embroiled in patent thickets and extensive litigation before settling with cross-licensing (Sanderson & Simons, 2014). As Somaya (2012) observed, patent strategies can be driven by specific business strategies being pursued in the associated product markets.…”

Section: Ip For Strategic Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IP litigation is local, but those who litigate are global

Beukel

Zhao

2018

J Int Bus Policy

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The importance of managing intellectual property (IP) on a global basis has been widely acknowledged by scholars and practitioners alike. However, we still have limited understanding of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) chooseamong all the countries they do business in -where to file for IP protection and where they exercise their IP rights through litigation. In this study, we examine MNEs' strategic choices of patenting and litigation locations through the lens of global competition. We argue that, while IP protection is local, relying on local policies and institutions, firms engaging in litigation are global. Thus, they prefer to litigate in the few countries with substantial track records to send strong signals to competitors elsewhere. This is particularly true for highly concentrated industries, where the same competitors face off in various countries, and for firms with radical innovations, which require expertise for a convincing verdict. We find supportive evidence of country, industry, and firm effects from extensive interviews with industry insiders and a comprehensive dataset documenting all the IP-related activities of Fortune Global 500 companies from 2007 to 2014. We discuss how the strategic choices made by global firms, in turn, influence the effectiveness of local policies and IP harmonization efforts across countries.

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Section: Ip For Strategic Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IP litigation is local, but those who litigate are global

Beukel

Zhao

2018

J Int Bus Policy

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“…Because III-N blue LEDs are similar to yellow, red and infrared LEDs in the conventional III-V's, they could leverage the epitaxy, chip and packaging infrastructure developed previously for those III-V technologies. Because artificial light has so many uses, SSL benefited from learning curves associated with a multitude of stepping-stone applications, such as displays, signage, signaling and flashlights, enroute to general illumination [30,31]. Most importantly, because SSL is a semiconductor technology, it has the potential for very high efficiency and an exponential "Haitz'-Law" [31] evolution in key attributes such as lumens/package and cost/lumen.…”

Section: Solid-state Lighting: Enormous Energy Savingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blue LED Nobel Prize: Historical context, current scientific understanding, human benefit

et al. 2015

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The paths that connect scientific understanding with tools and technology are rarely linear. Sometimes scientific understanding leads and enables, sometimes tools and technologies lead and enable. But by feeding into each other, they create virtuous spirals of forward and backward innovation [1].In perhaps no area of human knowledge has this been more evident than in semiconductors [2]: the interactive progress in semiconductor science and technology has transformed and continues to transform both our scientific understanding of the universe and the technologies with which we live our daily lives. A testament to this are the seven Physics Nobel Prizes listed in Figure 1 that have been awarded in the broad area of semiconductors. Some of the Prizes were for technology breakthroughs -as with research surrounding Si planar processing and the integrated circuit. Some of the Prizes were for science breakthroughs -as with research surrounding the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. And some were for nearly simultaneous science and technology breakthroughs -as with the transistor.The most recent 2014 Physics Nobel Prize, for the blue lightemitting diode (LED), is clearly for a technology breakthrough. Indeed, it is an extreme example in which the then-prevailing scientific understanding appeared to discourage continued effort. All the more amazing, then, was the perservence of Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura ("AAN" for short), who in the late 1980's and early 1990's braved seeming impossibilities and skeptics with an undaunted spirit.In this Opinion piece, we give an informal tour through: (1) the historical conext of semiconductor science and technology breakthroughs that preceded the most recent blue LED breakthrough; (2) our current scientific understanding of the blue LED breakthrough; and (3) the massive human benefit the blue LED breakthrough is unleashing.

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“…LED lighting has been analysed at industry level (Sanderson and Simons, 2014;Smink et al, 2013) and household level, focusing specifically on adoption (Mills and Schleich, 2014), while the distinct context of public application has been 7 neglected, although this provides opportunities to combine climate change mitigation with alleviation of budget constraints The specific potential of energy service contracts to accelerate the commercialisation and diffusion of novel EUEDs has been neglected in the literature (Hypko et al, 2010a;Steinberger et al, 2009). …”

Section: Research Gaps Identified In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, application of this technology is proving to be challenging for both manufacturers and customers (Bergek and Onufrey, 2013;Sanderson and Simons, 2014;Smink et al, 2013), despite forecasts of LED market shares increasing from less than 10% to 70% by 2020 (McKinsey, 2012). Public procurement is considered a significant driver in the innovation and diffusion process (Edler and Georghiou, 2007;Edquist and Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, 2012) and in this paper we analyse the role of different governance arrangements available to German municipalities for LED street lighting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Servitization to Overcome Barriers for Innovative Energy Efficiency Technologies The Case of Public LED Street Lighting in German Municipalities

2015

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DisclaimerThe works available here are the responsibility of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of other SPRU researchers. As matters of policy and practice, SPRU does not endorse individual research contributions. Guidelines for authorsPapers shall be submitted in pdf or Word format. They should contain a title, an abstract, and keywords. Papers should be submitted to one of the Editors, who will process them and send them to the appropriate Associate Editor. Two members of SPRU will be asked to provide a short written review within three weeks. The revised versions of the paper, together with a reply to the reviewers, should be sent to the Associate Editor, who will propose to the Editors its publication on the series. When submitting the authors should indicate if the paper has already undergone peer-reviewing, in which case the Associate Editors may decide to skip internal review process. SPRU Working Paper Series (ISSN 2057-6668)The SPRU Working Paper Series aims to accelerate the public availability of the research undertaken by SPRU-associated people of all categories, and exceptionally, other research that is of considerable interest within SPRU. It presents research results that in whole or part are suitable for submission to a refereed journal, to a sponsor, to a major conference or to the editor of a book. Our intention is to provide access to early copies of SPRU research.

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Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry

Cited by 72 publications

References 38 publications

IP litigation is local, but those who litigate are global

IP litigation is local, but those who litigate are global

The Blue LED Nobel Prize: Historical context, current scientific understanding, human benefit

Exploring the Role of Servitization to Overcome Barriers for Innovative Energy Efficiency Technologies The Case of Public LED Street Lighting in German Municipalities

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