Light‐emitting diode therapy induces analgesia and decreases spinal cord and sciatic nerve tumour necrosis factor‐α levels after sciatic nerve crush in mice

Cidral-Filho, Francisco José; Martins, Daniel Fernandes; Moré, Ari Ojeda Ocampo; Mazzardo-Martins, Leidiane; Silva, M.D.; Cargnin-Ferreira, Eduardo; Santos, Adair R.S.

doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00280.x

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…However, when started on the 3rd day after injury, the infrared LED radiation had an effect up to 4 hours after the first treatment and 3 hours after 14 consecutive days of treatment. These results confirm and extend previously obtained results on the therapeutic effect of infrared LED radiation in the control of neuropathic pain …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The results of the present study demonstrated that sciatic nerve damage led to the development of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity that became active from the 3rd and 7th days, extending for 21 days after the injury. Although the basal values of the mechanical stimulus‐induced withdrawal response thresholds recorded in the present work appear to be somewhat different from those described in the literature (which describe lower thresholds), the literature is controversial, and our data corroborate other studies performed with the same species showing higher baseline thresholds …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Low‐Intensity Photobiomodulation Decreases Neuropathic Pain in Paw Ischemia‐Reperfusion and Spared Nervus Ischiadicus Injury Experimental Models

et al. 2019

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Background There is a wide range of animal models available today for studying chronic pain associated with a variety of etiologies and an extensive list of clinical manifestations of peripheral neuropathies. Photobiomodulation is a new tool for the treatment of pain in a convenient, noninvasive way. Objective The aim of this work is to elucidate the effects of infrared light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on behavioral responses to nociceptive stimuli in chronic pain models. Methods Forty‐eight Swiss male mice weighing 25 to 35 g were used. Two chronic pain models, ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) and spared spinal nerve injury, were performed and then treated with infrared LED irradiation (390 mW, 890 nm, 17.3 mW/cm2, 20.8 J/cm2, for 20 minutes). The behavioral tests used were a mechanical hypersensitivity test von Frey test) and a cold allodynia test (acetone test). Results The results showed that, in the IR model, the infrared LED had a significant effect on mechanical stimulation and cold allodynia on every day of treatment. In the spared nerve injury model, an analgesic effect was observed on every treatment day (when started on the 3rd and 7th days after the surgery). In both models, the effect was abolished when the treatment was interrupted. Conclusions These findings suggest that photobiomodulation therapy may be a useful adjunct treatment for chronic pain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Low‐Intensity Photobiomodulation Decreases Neuropathic Pain in Paw Ischemia‐Reperfusion and Spared Nervus Ischiadicus Injury Experimental Models

et al. 2019

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“…Here, whole body illumination with GLED for eight hours resulted in antinociception. In contrast, previous studies reported reversal of pain in mice following 30–150 seconds of infrared LED exposure directly touching the skin [15; 16]. The differences in exposure times (seconds versus hours) and “routes of administration” with either direct skin exposure or whole body illumination could result in engagement of different mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Long-lasting antinociceptive effects of green light in acute and chronic pain in rats

Ibrahim

Patwardhan

Gilbraith³

et al. 2016

PAIN

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Treatments for chronic pain are inadequate, and new options are needed. Nonpharmaceutical approaches are especially attractive with many potential advantages including safety. Light therapy has been suggested to be beneficial in certain medical conditions such as depression, but this approach remains to be explored for modulation of pain. We investigated the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in the visible spectrum, on acute sensory thresholds in naive rats as well as in experimental neuropathic pain. Rats receiving green LED light (wavelength 525 nm, 8 h/d) showed significantly increased paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus; this antinociceptive effect persisted for 4 days after termination of last exposure without development of tolerance. No apparent side effects were noted and motor performance was not impaired. Despite LED exposure, opaque contact lenses prevented antinociception. Rats fitted with green contact lenses exposed to room light exhibited antinociception arguing for a role of the visual system. Antinociception was not due to stress/anxiety but likely due to increased enkephalins expression in the spinal cord. Naloxone reversed the antinociception, suggesting involvement of central opioid circuits. Rostral ventromedial medulla inactivation prevented expression of light-induced antinociception suggesting engagement of descending inhibition. Green LED exposure also reversed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with spinal nerve ligation. Pharmacological and proteomic profiling of dorsal root ganglion neurons from green LED-exposed rats identified changes in calcium channel activity, including a decrease in the N-type (CaV2.2) channel, a primary analgesic target. Thus, green LED therapy may represent a novel, nonpharmacological approach for managing pain.

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“…Following spinal cord injury, there is evidence suggesting that the M1 response prevails over a more transient M2 response, and this observation has been proposed to contribute to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord following injury [30, 31]. Consistent among various in vitro and in vivo studies, including spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury models, are reports of reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cell mediators, including as IL-6, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNFα in response to treatment with various wavelengths including 633 nm [36], 660 nm, 780 nm [37], 810 nm [16] and 950 nm [14]. Coincidently, these pro-inflammatory cell mediators are secreted by M1 cells; thus, we were curious to examine the effect of light treatment on microglia/macrophage populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Red LED photobiomodulation reduces pain hypersensitivity and improves sensorimotor function following mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury

Zhu

Potas

2016

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundThe development of hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury can result in incurable persistent neuropathic pain. Our objective was to examine the effect of red light therapy on the development of hypersensitivity and sensorimotor function, as well as on microglia/macrophage subpopulations following spinal cord injury.MethodsWistar rats were treated (or sham treated) daily for 30 min with an LED red (670 nm) light source (35 mW/cm2), transcutaneously applied to the dorsal surface, following a mild T10 hemicontusion injury (or sham injury). The development of hypersensitivity was assessed and sensorimotor function established using locomotor recovery and electrophysiology of dorsal column pathways. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL were performed to examine cellular changes in the spinal cord.ResultsWe demonstrate that red light penetrates through the entire rat spinal cord and significantly reduces signs of hypersensitivity following a mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury. This is accompanied with improved dorsal column pathway functional integrity and locomotor recovery. The functional improvements were preceded by a significant reduction of dying (TUNEL+) cells and activated microglia/macrophages (ED1+) in the spinal cord. The remaining activated microglia/macrophages were predominantly of the anti-inflammatory/wound-healing subpopulation (Arginase1+ED1+) which were expressed early, and up to sevenfold greater than that found in sham-treated animals.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that a simple yet inexpensive treatment regime of red light reduces the development of hypersensitivity along with sensorimotor improvements following spinal cord injury and may therefore offer new hope for a currently treatment-resistant pain condition.

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Light‐emitting diode therapy induces analgesia and decreases spinal cord and sciatic nerve tumour necrosis factor‐α levels after sciatic nerve crush in mice

Cited by 34 publications

References 73 publications

Low‐Intensity Photobiomodulation Decreases Neuropathic Pain in Paw Ischemia‐Reperfusion and Spared Nervus Ischiadicus Injury Experimental Models

Low‐Intensity Photobiomodulation Decreases Neuropathic Pain in Paw Ischemia‐Reperfusion and Spared Nervus Ischiadicus Injury Experimental Models

Long-lasting antinociceptive effects of green light in acute and chronic pain in rats

Red LED photobiomodulation reduces pain hypersensitivity and improves sensorimotor function following mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury

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