Light‐Emitting Diode Irradiation Promotes Donor Site Wound Healing of the Free Gingival Graft

Wang, Chen-Ying; Tsai, Sheng-Chueh; Yu, Min-Chen; Lin, Yining; Chen, Chih‐Cheng; Chang, Ping-Chuan

doi:10.1902/jop.2015.140580

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“… Fioramonti et al [ 64 ] No info Source, laser; wavelength, 500–1200 nm; power, –; frequency, 2.5 ms; beam area, – Irradiance, –; time, –; energy, –; radiant exposure, 30–35 J/cm 2 Intense pulsed light therapy is a safe and effective treatment for telangiectsias and striae rubra, also in the complex clinical condition of Behҁet’s disease. Wang et al [ 67 ] No info Source, LED; wavelength, 660 nm; power, –; frequency, –; spot area, – Irradiance, 3.5 mW/cm 2 ; time, 6–24 min; energy, –; radiant exposure, 5–20 J/cm 2 LED light irradiation at 660 nm accelerated palatal wound healing, potentially via reducing reactive oxygen species production, facilitating angiogenesis and promoting provisional matrix and wound reorgainisation. Wang et al [ 69 ] No info Source, GaAlAs laser; wavelength, 808 nm; power, 170 mW; frequency, –; spot area, 3.8 cm 2 Irradiance, 44.7 mW/cm 2 ; time, 67.2–335.6 s; energy, –; radiant exposure, 3–15 J/cm 2 × 20 Results suggest that 808 nm LLLT at a low energy density (3 J/cm 2 ) and 8 J/cm 2 is capable of enhancing sciatic nerve regeneration following a crush injury.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For articles that did report light measurement methods, the most common was using a power meter (22 %; 16/74), or equivalent. Remarkably, only six (6/74; 8 %) employed a method that was able to measure spectral properties such as wavelength [ 39 , 45 , 54 , 67 , 68 , 83 ]. Two articles (3 %; 2/74) failed to report even manufacturers quoted wavelength [ 48 , 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy

et al. 2016

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Lasers and light-emitting diodes are used for a range of biomedical applications with many studies reporting their beneficial effects. However, three main concerns exist regarding much of the low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation literature; (1) incomplete, inaccurate and unverified irradiation parameters, (2) miscalculation of ‘dose,’ and (3) the misuse of appropriate light property terminology. The aim of this systematic review was to assess where, and to what extent, these inadequacies exist and to provide an overview of ‘best practice’ in light measurement methods and importance of correct light measurement. A review of recent relevant literature was performed in PubMed using the terms LLLT and photobiomodulation (March 2014–March 2015) to investigate the contemporary information available in LLLT and photobiomodulation literature in terms of reporting light properties and irradiation parameters. A total of 74 articles formed the basis of this systematic review. Although most articles reported beneficial effects following LLLT, the majority contained no information in terms of how light was measured (73 %) and relied on manufacturer-stated values. For all papers reviewed, missing information for specific light parameters included wavelength (3 %), light source type (8 %), power (41 %), pulse frequency (52 %), beam area (40 %), irradiance (43 %), exposure time (16 %), radiant energy (74 %) and fluence (16 %). Frequent use of incorrect terminology was also observed within the reviewed literature. A poor understanding of photophysics is evident as a significant number of papers neglected to report or misreported important radiometric data. These errors affect repeatability and reliability of studies shared between scientists, manufacturers and clinicians and could degrade efficacy of patient treatments. Researchers need a physicist or appropriately skilled engineer on the team, and manuscript reviewers should reject papers that do not report beam measurement methods and all ten key parameters: wavelength, power, irradiation time, beam area (at the skin or culture surface; this is not necessarily the same size as the aperture), radiant energy, radiant exposure, pulse parameters, number of treatments, interval between treatments and anatomical location. Inclusion of these parameters will improve the information available to compare and contrast study outcomes and improve repeatability, reliability of studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy

et al. 2016

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“…A rapidly accumulating body of in vitro (108,153,161,170,178,214), animal model (55,83,108,113,213,241,258,381,384,394) and human (10,108,267,268,274,277,287,298,309,314,327) studies indicate that low-level-light energy (a.k.a., low-level-light therapy), as well as some lasers with higher wavelengths, have a positive impact on healing. Only a few articles are cited above as, in general, the data are inconsistent and conflicting (108).…”

Section: Diode Lasers and The Treatment Of Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise

Cobb¹

2017

Periodontology 2000

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The dental literature contains 25 years of accumulated reports and clinical studies addressing the utility of lasers in the treatment of periodontitis, both as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to surgical and nonsurgical therapy. Yet, the evidence from the 118 human clinical studies cited in this narrative review remains conflicted and insufficient to suggest that integration of a laser in a periodontal treatment protocol will provide antimicrobial and healing outcomes superior to those achieved by traditional therapy. When viewed as a collective body of evidence, it becomes apparent that a majority of the studies are underpowered and exhibit significant heterogeneity in design. Furthermore, the collected studies report a varied choice of parameters, even within the same wavelength of laser. There is little uniformity between studies in the reporting of measured clinical parameters. Most studies reported 3- and/or 6-month post-treatment results; however, the range of time intervals includes studies reporting results from 1 week to up to 1-12 months or longer. Lastly, many studies were considered at risk for bias as a result of a lack of examiner masking and/or calibration. There is great need for well-designed, highly controlled multicenter clinical trials that are adequately powered in terms of subject enrollment, that use similar protocols in terms of laser parameters and that report measureable outcomes in a uniform manner. Without such studies, the questions surrounding the use of lasers in the treatment of periodontal disease will persist.

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“…2 Gingival recession is associated with the accumulation of biofilm and dental plaque, tissue inflammation, traumatic brushing, improper restoration, high frenum and muscle tension, and age. 3,4 In recent decades, multiple periodontal surgeries for covering bare-root surfaces have been presented, such as laterally sliding flaps, 5 coronally advanced flaps, 6,7 free gingival grafts (FGGs), 5,7 subepithelial connective tissue grafts, 6,8 acellular dermal allografts, and guided tissue regeneration. 9 However, the predictability and success of these procedures can vary in different conditions, especially the initial extent and severity of recession regarding width and depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Such post-operative complications as bleeding, swelling, and pain have often been documented after mucogigival surgery 17 and are associated with discomfort after surgery. 8 Accelerated recovery and healing are influenced by various factors such as nutrition, vitamins, steroids, oxygen, and environmental factors. 18 The low-power lasers have been utilized to accelerate and improve surgical wound healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Donor and Recipient Sites of the Free Gingival Graft: A Case Series

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Free gingival grafting is among the most foreseeing procedures for increasing the zone of keratinized attached gingiva and enhancing soft tissue around the teeth and dental implants. Nowadays low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising approach in providing patients with more pleasing results in terms of esthetics and comfort. This study aims to investigate the effects of LLLT on gingival recessions treated with free gingival graft (FGG). Methods: This case series was conducted on 12 individuals requiring a bilateral gingival graft in the mandibular region. There was a 30-day interval between the two operations. The test side was selected randomly and irradiated by a low-level laser (LLL) just before surgery. The patients did not know which side was irradiated. LLLT was applied to the donors’ as well as recipients’ site immediately after the operation and 48 hours later. The patients were instructed to record their post-operative pain in a visual analogue scale (VAS) 3 and 24 hours and 7 days after the surgical procedure. The clinical photographs were taken immediately and 30 days after surgical treatment were graded by three experienced periodontists for color matching to adjacent tissues. Results: Ten individuals could finish the study. The test group presented significantly better shade matching and wound healing at the palatal donor site on days 7, 14 and 21. There was a significant reduction in post-operative pain after 24 hours (P=0.007). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in terms of clinical periodontal indices. Conclusion: LLLT could reduce post-operative pain 24 hours after surgical treatment. Furthermore, the application of LLLT could improve the donors’ site healing and the recipients’ site color matching.

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Light‐Emitting Diode Irradiation Promotes Donor Site Wound Healing of the Free Gingival Graft

Abstract: LED light irradiation at 660 nm accelerated palatal wound healing, potentially via reducing reactive oxygen species production, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting provisional matrix and wound reorganization.

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy

The dark art of light measurement: accurate radiometry for low-level light therapy

Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise

The Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Donor and Recipient Sites of the Free Gingival Graft: A Case Series

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