Light Emission of Gold Nanoparticles Induced by the Reaction of Bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) Oxalate and Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Light emission at approximately 415 nm was observed for gold particles with diameters of 2.6-6.0 nm dispersed in a solution containing bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the light intensity was independent of the protecting reagents of the gold nanoparticles with similar size, the light intensity with gold nanoparticles of 5.0 and 6.0 nm in diameter was stronger than that with gold nanoparticles of 2.6 and 2.8 nm in diameter, and the light intensity increased linearly with the concentration of the gold nanoparticles using 6.0-nm gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles were identified as emitting species, and the quantum yield was determined to be (2.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) using 6.0-nm gold nanoparticles. The light emission is suggested to involve a sequence of steps: the oxidation reaction of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate with hydrogen peroxide yielding an energy-rich intermediate 1,2-dioxetanedione, the energy transfer from this intermediate to gold nanoparticles, and the radiative relaxation of the as-formed exited-state gold nanoparticles. The observed luminescence is expected to find applications in the field of bioanalysis owing to the excellent biocompatibility and relatively high stability of gold nanoparticles.

Possibilities and Challenges for Quantitative Optical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…Heavy metals are frequently used as base for nanoparticles, such as silver [76][77][78][79][80], gold [81][82][83][84][85][86], cadmium, zinc or tellurium [87,88]. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in general have a broad field of application, as they are antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal.…”

“…Gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) are also frequently applied in optical sensing due to their biocompatibility, size-tunable optical properties, stability, and ease of preparation and conjugation [81]. They can be used with [82] or without [86] surface modifications; however, they can also be used to quench the luminescence of an inert material by H 2 O 2 initiated biocatalytic growth of Au-NP from Au nano-seeds [84]. This approach is also used to quench the fluorescence of e.g., dye-doped silica NPs with Au-NP seeds immobilized on their surface.…”

A sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of cysteine based on silver nanoclusters

“…Chemiluminescence spectra were measured by inserting high-energy cutoff filters from 400 to 640 nm between the CL cell and the PMT [22], because the lifetime of the chemiluminescence signal was not long enough to be detected by a refitted fluorometer like other systems.…”

Reaction mechanism of surfactant‐sensitized chemiluminescence of bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophyenyl) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide induced by gold nanoparticles

“…In the CL system of TCPO-H 2 O 2 -Au nanoparticles, similar reaction steps were suggested (8). Energy was transferred from the intermediate of 1,2-dioxetanedione to gold nanoparticles, and the radiative relaxation of the as-formed exited-state gold nanoparticles.…”