Light-driven Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives

Mayorga‐Martinez, Carmen C.; Vyskočil, Jan; Novotný, Filip; Pumera, Martin

doi:10.1039/d1ta02256c

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The real speed of the latter is even higher since it was calculated (as it is standard in this field) only for their projections on the xy plane. Nevertheless, the speed of microrobots moving in 2D is still comparable to or higher than the other fuel-free semiconductor-based micromotors 25 – 28 , 41 , 42 , which is consistent with the large electrochemical potential difference between MXene-derived TiO 2 microparticles and Pt electrodes measured by Tafel experiments in ultra-pure water (Supplementary Fig. 8 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Among the different MXenes, Ti 3 C 2 T x is the most studied one. Recently, Ti 3 C 2 nanoflakes, obtained after the delamination of the exfoliated MXene via ultrasonication, were turned into fuel-free UV-light-driven micromotors thanks to the deposition of a Pt layer on one side and the superficially formed TiO 2 in water 41 . These micromotors were able to boost the photocatalytic degradation of nitroaromatic explosives in water despite their low speed and small mean-squared displacement (MSD ~ 5 μm 2 in 3 s) compared to the other fuel-free light-driven micromotors 25 – 28 , 42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

et al. 2022

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Nanoplastic pollution, the final product of plastic waste fragmentation in the environment, represents an increasing concern for the scientific community due to the easier diffusion and higher hazard associated with their small sizes. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for effective strategies to quantify and remove nanoplastics in wastewater. This work presents the “on-the-fly” capture of nanoplastics in the three-dimensional (3D) space by multifunctional MXene-derived oxide microrobots and their further detection. A thermal annealing process is used to convert Ti3C2Tx MXene into photocatalytic multi-layered TiO2, followed by the deposition of a Pt layer and the decoration with magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The MXene-derived γ-Fe2O3/Pt/TiO2 microrobots show negative photogravitaxis, resulting in a powerful fuel-free motion with six degrees of freedom under light irradiation. Owing to the unique combination of self-propulsion and programmable Zeta potential, the microrobots can quickly attract and trap nanoplastics on their surface, including the slits between multi-layer stacks, allowing their magnetic collection. Utilized as self-motile preconcentration platforms, they enable nanoplastics’ electrochemical detection using low-cost and portable electrodes. This proof-of-concept study paves the way toward the “on-site” screening of nanoplastics in water and its successive remediation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

et al. 2022

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“…Until very recently, the emergence of a new two-dimensional (2D) material called MXene, especially Ti 3 C 2 T x as a typical representative, provides a new opportunity to develop high-performance soft and flexible actuators due to its metal-like electrical conductivity (>10 5 S/m), high thermal conductivity (>472 (W/m)/K), ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency (∼100%), and rich surface chemistry characteristics (e.g., −O, −OH, and −F). − On the basis of these properties, several bimorph actuators based on various MXene-based composites have been developed. ,, For instance, Lee et al constructed a NIR light- and humidity-responsive bilayer-structured actuator based on MXene/cellulose composites and polycarbonate membrane . Xiao et al reported a flexible actuator using a combination of paraffin wax and MXene .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiresponsive Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-Based Actuators Enabled by Dual-Mechanism Synergism for Soft Robotics

Tang

Zhu

Mao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Multiresponsive and high-performance flexible actuators with a simple configuration, high mechanical strength, and lowpower consumption are highly desirable for soft robotics. Here, a novel mechanically robust and multiresponsive Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenebased actuator with high actuation performance via dual-mechanism synergistic effect driven by the hygroexpansion of bacterial cellulose (BC) layer and the thermal expansion of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) layer is developed. The actuator is flexible and shows an ultrahigh tensile strength of 195 MPa. Unlike the conventional bimorph-structured actuators based on a singlemechanism, the actuator developed provides a favorable architecture for dual-mechanism synergism, resulting in exceptionally reversible actuation performance under electricity and near-infrared (NIR) light stimuli. Typically, the developed actuator can produce the largest bending angle (∼400°) at the lowest voltage (≤4 V) compared with that reported previously for single mechanism soft actuators. Furthermore, the actuator also can be driven by a NIR light at a 2 m distance, displaying an excellent long-distance photoresponsive property. Finally, various intriguing applications are demonstrated to show the great potential of the actuator for soft robotics.

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“…[1][2][3][4] S. aureus produce staphylococcal enterotoxins that can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. [1] Moreover, S. aureus can survive pasteurization and thermal sterilization processes, and staphylococcal enterotoxins are stable and cannot be eradicated easily by common hygienic procedures once they are formed in pathogenic biofilm destroying [15][16][17][18][19] as well as environmental remediation [41][42][43][44][45] and energy harvesting. [46,47] Magnetically propelled micro/nanorobots represent one of the most promising categories that can be used in many applications because they are biocompatible (toxic fuel-free), have strong power propulsion, are remotely maneuverable, and are reconfigurable and programmable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarming Magnetic Microrobots for Pathogen Isolation from Milk

Mayorga‐Martinez

Častorálová

Zelenka

et al. 2022

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For that reason, efficient methods to isolate S. aureus bacteria from dairy products for it removal or identification are in high demand and important for the dairy industry.Several important pathogenic bacteria produce immunoglobulin binding proteins that are thought to help these bacteria evade the host immune response. [5] Examples include protein A of S. aureus, protein G of group C and G streptococci, and protein L of Peptostreptococcus magnus. [6] Further, immunoglobulin binding proteins have been identified also in mycoplasmas such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae [7] and the bovine pathogen M. bovis. [8] The ability of these proteins to bind immunoglobulins can be used to selectively bind pathogenic bacteria for their isolation and identification while leaving harmless and beneficial bacteria in solution.Evolving micro/nanorobots technology justifies expectations to address some unmet biomedical and environmental issues. [9][10][11][12][13] Recently, micro/nanorobots have been used to isolate and eradicate planktonic bacteria [14,15] as well as bacterial biofilms, [16][17][18][19] which is important to address the growing risk of pathogen resistance to antibiotics. Moreover, the use of antibiotics to eradicate bacteria in food samples can affect food quality as well as decrease its sensitivity. Micro/nanorobots are able to move using chemi cal fuels [20,21] or external energy sources (light, magnetic, or ultrasound fields) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and they can achieve multiple applications, including drug delivery, [36,37] bio/sensing, [38][39][40] and Bovine mastitis produced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes major problems in milk production due to the staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by this bacterium. These enterotoxins are stable and cannot be eradicated easily by common hygienic procedures once they are formed in dairy products. Here, magnetic microrobots (MagRobots) are developed based on paramagnetic hybrid microstructures loaded with IgG from rabbit serum that can bind and isolate S. aureus from milk in a concentration of 3.42 10 4 CFU g −1 (allowable minimum level established by the United States Food and Drug Administration, FDA). Protein A, which is present on the cell wall of S. aureus, selectively binds IgG from rabbit serum and loads the bacteria onto the surface of the MagRobots. The selective isolation of S. aureus is confirmed using a mixed suspension of S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Moreover, this fuel-free system based on magnetic robots does not affect the natural milk microbiota or add any toxic compound resulting from fuel catalysis. This system can be used to isolate and transport efficiently S. aureus and discriminate it from nontarget bacteria for subsequent identification. Finally, this system can be scaled up for industrial use in food production.

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Light-driven Ti₃C₂ MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives

Abstract: Light powered self-propelled 2D-material MXene-based sandwitch micromachines degrade high-energy exposives on a go.

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

Multiresponsive Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-Based Actuators Enabled by Dual-Mechanism Synergism for Soft Robotics

Swarming Magnetic Microrobots for Pathogen Isolation from Milk

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Light-driven Ti3C2 MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives

Abstract: Light powered self-propelled 2D-material MXene-based sandwitch micromachines degrade high-energy exposives on a go.

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

Trapping and detecting nanoplastics by MXene-derived oxide microrobots

Multiresponsive Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Actuators Enabled by Dual-Mechanism Synergism for Soft Robotics

Swarming Magnetic Microrobots for Pathogen Isolation from Milk

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Product

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Light-driven Ti₃C₂ MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives

Multiresponsive Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-Based Actuators Enabled by Dual-Mechanism Synergism for Soft Robotics