Light‐Driven Sustainable Hydrogen Production Utilizing TiO₂ Nanostructures: A Review

Abstract

As a promising alternative clean energy to fossil fuels, H2 has been given increasing attention, and efficient H2 production is urgently required. Photocatalytic H2 generation from water splitting (WS) is deemed to be a promising and green route for H2 production. TiO2 has been widely utilized in WS owing to the stability, low cost, corrosion resistance, and environmental safety properities. Nevertheless, two dominant defects (inferior absorption performance in visible light and recombination of photogenerated e−–h+ pairs) still impede the development of TiO2. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the progress of various routes for TiO2 nanostructures (0D–3D) and diversified modifications for enhanced H2 production. Further, the perspectives and opportunities for TiO2 based materials are promoted. Persistent efforts are needed to equip the TiO2 nanomaterials with original advanced commercialization and functionality.

Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Polymorphs with Tunable Crystal Structure for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts is a superior and attractive way for producing renewable and clean energy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts is a superior and attractive way for producing renewable and clean energy.…”

Multifunctional Nickel Film Protected n‐Type Silicon Photoanode with High Photovoltage for Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…As demonstrated previously, unprecedentedly high charge separation and transport efficiency could be realized through manipulating the interfacial energy levels among some Si heterojunction photoanodes. Unfortunately, their stability remains a problem . And therefore, great efforts are still urgently needed to simultaneously provide the Si photoanode with high efficiency and long‐term durability for water oxidation, in order to enable its practical application.…”

“…Unfortunately, their stability remains a problem. [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18] And therefore, great efforts are still urgently needed to simultaneously provide the Si photoanode with high efficiency and long-term durability for water oxidation, in order to enable its practical application. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a highquality n-Si/SiO x /Al 2 O 3 /Ni/NiO x /NiOOH junction photoanode with high efficiency and stability for PEC water oxidation in alkaline solutions.…”

Construction of H4xK2xSn2−xS4+x/TiO2 nanocomposites with enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance

“…11 Additionally, diverse methods including hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, and templateassisted methods have been used to fabricate TiO 2 -based materials for visible light photocatalysis. 12 Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to modify the photocatalytic performance of one-dimensional TiO 2 nanotubes. 13,14 Various noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) were selected to decorate TiO 2 to utilize the surface plasmon resonance effect as a result of optical excitation upon visible light irradiation.…”