Light-Directed Electrical Stimulation of Neurons Cultured on Silicon Wafers

Starovoytov, Artem; Choi, Jihun; Seung, H. Sebastian

doi:10.1152/jn.00836.2004

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A similar photoconductive stimulation scheme, using single crystal silicon as a photoconducting substrate, was adopted by Starovoytov et al 94 and is illustrated in Figure 1B. Here, stimulation is achieved by holding a fixed voltage between the p-type silicon and an Ag/AgCl counter electrode and modulating the laser beam illumination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel interfaces for light directed neuronal stimulation: advances and challenges

Bareket¹,

Hanein²

2014

IJN

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Light activation of neurons is a growing field with applications ranging from basic investigation of neuronal systems to the development of new therapeutic methods such as artificial retina. Many recent studies currently explore novel methods for optical stimulation with temporal and spatial precision. Novel materials in particular provide an opportunity to enhance contemporary approaches. Here we review recent advances towards light directed interfaces for neuronal stimulation, focusing on state-of-the-art nanoengineered devices. In particular, we highlight challenges and prospects towards improved retinal prostheses.

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confidence: 99%

Novel interfaces for light directed neuronal stimulation: advances and challenges

Bareket¹,

Hanein²

2014

IJN

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“…In addition, some other unconventional applications of OEK technology have also been reported. For example, Starovoytov et al presented the possibility of light addressable electrical stimulation of cultured neurons with a similar structure to OEK device by replacing the transparent ITO electrode with a floating one [119,120]. Suzurikawa et al [34] reported the production of microscale pH gradient in OEK chips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro and Nano Manipulation and Assembly by Optically Induced Electrokinetics

Lai

et al. 2015

Micro‐ and Nanomanipulation Tools

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IntroductionIn the past 25 years, integrated circuit (IC) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) technologies have moved much beyond the microdomain, and into the submicro-, nanoscopic, and, even, the molecular scales. Today, we have the capability to fabricate, manipulate, and assemble matters at the micro-, nano-, or molecular scales. This progress into "seeing" and manipulating matters that are smaller than visible light wavelength scale is impacting a range of fields including semiconductor physics, biological studies, pharmaceutical development, and many other scientific and technological applications. A range of new methods to generate physical forces have been developed in the process. For example, mechanical forces can now be applied to micro-, nano-, and biological entities using atomic force microscope probes [1], microgrippers [2], or pipettes [3]. However, disadvantages of these approaches, including inflection of mechanical damages on objects being manipulated and their relatively low manipulation speed, make manipulation of large quantities of objects difficult. In order to address these disadvantages, noncontact or noninvasive methods for micro-, nano-, and biological manipulation have also been explored in the past two decades.Manipulation devices based on magnetic forces [4], acoustic waves [5,6], hydrodynamic flows [7], light waves [8], or electrokinetic forces [9] are among the major noninvasive technologies available today. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Methods based on magnetic fields need premodification on objects with magnetic beads which constrains their application domain. In addition, movement controlled by permanent magnets is not precise enough for many proposed applications. Also, the high resistance of the magnetic coil generates significant heat during manipulation [10]. Acoustic traps show good selectivity but cannot achieve parallel manipulation of single entities. Microfluidic devices exploiting hydrodynamic flows are suitable for cell population sorting, but have difficulties in trapping or controlling specific single objects.Electrokinetic forces generated from patterned electrodes capable of inducing the desired spatial distribution of electric field have been exploited to control

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“…In comparison to other optical methods for stimulating neurons in culture such as glutamate uncaging (Pettit et al, 1997) and optically stimulating neurons grown on silicon wafers (Colicos et al, 2001;Starovoytov et al, 2005), ChR2 fulfills the requirement for reversible, high-speed, spatiotemporal activation of select neuronal populations (Boyden et al, 2005). Repeated trials of single photon photolysis of caged glutamate could release large amounts of glutamate which might lead to toxicity or non-specific stimulation (Callaway and Katz, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optically stimulating neurons grown on silicon wafers (Colicos et al, 2001;Starovoytov et al, 2005) was another promising method of non-invasive stimulation, but reliably eliciting action potentials meant increasing illumination intensity, which reduced spatial resolution. Additionally, the neurons could only be stimulated to fire action potentials after 3 weeks in vitro (Starovoytov et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-evoked synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2 delivered by adeno-associated virus

Wang¹,

Hasan²,

Seung³

2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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We present a method for studying synaptic transmission in mass cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons based on patch clamp recording combined with laser stimulation of neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Our goal was to use the high spatial resolution of laser illumination to come as close as possible to the ideal of identifying monosynaptically coupled pairs of neurons, which is conventionally done using microisland rather than mass cultures. Using recombinant adenoassociated virus (rAAV) to deliver the ChR2 gene, we focused on the time period between 14 and 20 days in vitro, during which expression levels are high, and spontaneous bursting activity has not yet started. Stimulation by wide-field illumination is sufficient to make the majority of ChR2-expressing neurons spike. Stimulation with a laser spot at least 10 μm in diameter also produces action potentials, but in a reduced fraction of neurons. We studied synaptic transmission by voltageclamping a neuron with low expression of ChR2 and scanning a 40 μm laser spot at surrounding locations. Responses were observed to stimulation at a subset of locations in the culture, indicating spatial localization of stimulation. Pharmacological means were used to identify responses that were synaptic. Many responses were of smaller amplitude than those typically found in microisland cultures. We were unable to find an entirely reliable criterion for distinguishing between monosynaptic and polysynaptic responses. However, we propose that postsynaptic currents with Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHMI Author ManuscriptHHMI Author Manuscript HHMI Author Manuscript small amplitudes, simple shapes, and latencies not much greater than 8 msec are reasonable candidates for monosynaptic interactions.

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Light-Directed Electrical Stimulation of Neurons Cultured on Silicon Wafers

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Novel interfaces for light directed neuronal stimulation: advances and challenges

Novel interfaces for light directed neuronal stimulation: advances and challenges

Micro and Nano Manipulation and Assembly by Optically Induced Electrokinetics

Laser-evoked synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2 delivered by adeno-associated virus

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