Light-dependent Emission of Hydrogen Sulfide from Plants

Wilson, Lloyd G.; Bressan, Ray A.; Filner, Philip

doi:10.1104/pp.61.2.184

Cited by 192 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If the other steps ofsulfate reduction are restricted to the bundle sheath cells, the function of OASSase in the mesophyll cells could be to trap H2S escaping from the bundle sheath cells. Light-dependent evolution of H2S from plants has been reported (22). It is interesting in this connection that detached leaves of maize fed with 100 mm KHS03 release much less H2S than leaves of other plants and do not seem to emit H2S when fed with K2S04 (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Intercellular Localization of Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction in Leaves of Zea mays and Triticum aestivum

Schmutz¹,

Brunold²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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The intercellular distribution ofassimilatory sulfate reduction enzymes between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells was analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. In maize, a C4 plant, 96 to 100% of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and 92 to 100% of ATP sulfurylase activity (EC 2.7.7A) was detected in the bundle sheath cells. Sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.7.1) and O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8) were found in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cell types. In wheat, a C3 species, ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase were found at equivalent activities in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Leaves of etiolated maize plants contained appreciable ATP sulfurylase activity but only trace adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity. Both enzyme activities increased in the bundle sheath cells during greening but remained at negligible levels in mesophyll cells. In leaves of maize grown without addition of a sulfur source for 12 d, the specific activity of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and ATP sulfurylase in the bundle sheath cells was higher than in the controls. In the mesophyll cells, however, both enzyme activities remained undetectable. The intercellular distribution of enzymes would indicate that the first two steps of sulfur assimilation are restricted to the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants, and this restriction is independent of ontogeny and the sulfur nutritional status of the plants.C4 plants are characterized by an intercellular compartmentation of CO2 and NO3-assimilation between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells (2,3,6,16). Recently, a predominant localization ofenzymes ofassimilatory sulfate reduction in the bundle sheath cells was proposed (7,8,14). This pathway begins with the formation ofAPS2 from ATP and S042-via ATP sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4) (1,18 Kolibri) were imbibed for 24 h in aerated tap water at room temperature and then transferred to moist filter paper. After 3 d in the dark, the seedlings were cultivated on quartz sand watered regularly with nutrient solution (23). Nutrient solution deficient in S was composed by replacing the SO42-salts by equimolar amounts of the corresponding Cl-salts. The plants were grown at 26°C, with a RH of 40% and a light intensity of 46 ,uE m-2 s-' provided by incandescent lamps (Philips TL 40 w).Cell Isolation. Mesophyll cells and bundle sheath strands were obtained either by a mechanical or by an enzymic isolation procedure. For both procedures, leaves were cut diagonally in approximately 1-mm-wide strips with a razor blade and then transferred to a medium for protoplast isolation according to Mills and Joy (12), containing 2% cellulase and 2% pectinase. Ten ml of medium were used per g leafstrips. The plant material was infiltrated by applying a vacuum. The incubation time was 15 min in the light for the mechanical procedure. The plant material was then homogenized using a Servall Omni Mixer (Ivan Sorvall, Norwalk, CT) for 10 s at 100 v (6,700 rpm) an...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Light-dependent evolution of H2S from plants has been reported (22). It is interesting in this connection that detached leaves of maize fed with 100 mm KHS03 release much less H2S than leaves of other plants and do not seem to emit H2S when fed with K2S04 (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Intercellular Localization of Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction in Leaves of Zea mays and Triticum aestivum

Schmutz¹,

Brunold²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…Pine trees in the field and in laboratory experiments continue to emit H2S several hours after the termination of prolonged SO2 fumigation. The maximum emission rates observed from pine trees in the field and in laboratory experiments, 14 and 20 nanomoles per milligram chlorophyll per hour respectively, are about the activity expected for the sulfur assimilation pathway in the chloroplasts.Green plants can take up and reduce sulfate (SO4'2-) and sulfite (HSO:3-, S032-) and some, if not all, plants can volatilize the sulfur product H2S from the leaves (11,14,15). H2S emission from leaves was first discovered by de Cormis (3,4) after fumigation of plants with injurious levels of SO2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Hydrogen Sulfide from Sulfur Dioxide-Fumigated Pine Trees

Hällgren¹,

Fredriksson²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) trees subjected to relatively low concentration of SO2 in the field emit H2S from the needles, as demonstrated by gas chromatographic analysis after preconcentration on a molecular sieve. H2S is the only reduced sulfurous compound emitted from SO2 fumigated leaves. The emission is light and SO2 concentration dependent. Pine trees in the field and in laboratory experiments continue to emit H2S several hours after the termination of prolonged SO2 fumigation. The maximum emission rates observed from pine trees in the field and in laboratory experiments, 14 and 20 nanomoles per milligram chlorophyll per hour respectively, are about the activity expected for the sulfur assimilation pathway in the chloroplasts.Green plants can take up and reduce sulfate (SO4'2-) and sulfite (HSO:3-, S032-) and some, if not all, plants can volatilize the sulfur product H2S from the leaves (11,14,15). H2S emission from leaves was first discovered by de Cormis (3,4) after fumigation of plants with injurious levels of SO2. Reemission of H2S is also observed from plants with their roots immersed in solutions with different S042-concentrations (12, 14, 15) and from detached leaves supplied with s042-via the petioles (4).The pathways whereby inorganic sulfate is reduced and enters the dominant end products, protein cysteine and methionine, are well understood (1,5,(8)(9)(10). However, it is not at present known which pathways are involved in H2S volatilization (1), but light is required to supply the necessary reductant in the chloroplasts (I 1). Emission of H2S has so far merely been regarded as a consequence of fumigation with acute levels of SO2. There are no reports on the rate of H2S emission from plants fumigated at concentrations of SO2 in the range occurring in urban, industrial, and rural areas (5-100 g m 3). In this communication, the emission of sulfur from Scotch pine trees in the field and in the laboratory is characterized. A gas chromatographic analysis after preconcentration of the sulfur gases on a molecular sieve is applied. MATERIALS AND METHODSField Study. The field study was performed at Jadraas Ecological Field Station (N 610, E 160) in a stand of 15 to 25-year-old pine trees (Pinus silvestris L.).The gaseous exchanges of C02, water vapor, and SO2 were measured simultaneously on shoots enclosed in temperature-controlled assimilation chambers. The experimental system and Supported by a grant from the National Swedish Environment Protection Board to J-E. H. equipment were described earlier in detail by Hallgren et al. (6). A short description of the measuring system is given below. The total sulfur concentration in the air stream, at the inlet and outlet of the assimilation chamber, was measured with a flame photometer (Meloy FPD, sulfur analyzer, model SA 285; Monitor Labs, Inc., San Diego, CA). Calibration of the instrument before and after the experiments was achieved by use of SO2 permeation tubes, with known permeation rates. Scrubbers (Meloy; SO-4 and H2S-3) were at times inserted...

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“…Interestingly, H 2 S production in plant tissues is likely derived from the sulfur assimilation pathways and L-cysteine desulfydrase (Ravilious & Jez, 2012;Romero et al, 2014;Takahashi, Kopriva, Giordano, Saito, & Hell, 2011). It is known that in the presence of high concentrations of sulfate (SO 4 2À ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and/or L-cysteine, plant tissues can synthesize, and emit H 2 S (Hällgren & Fredriksson, 1982;Sekiya, Schmidt, Wilson, & Filner, 1982;Wilson, Bressan, & Filner, 1978). Surprisingly, it was not until recently that a potential physiological role for H 2 S in plants was considered.…”

Section: The Effect Of Gyy4137 In Nonmammalian Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%