Light-dependent change of cone-horizontal cell interactions in carp retina

Weiler, Reto; Wagner, H.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)91141-7

Cited by 121 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Citral, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for the in vivo production of at-RA, impaired the formation of spinules during light adaptation. In particular, the deposition of densities was affected, underlining the notion that spinule formation includes several, partially independent processes (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinules were identified on the basis of their characteristic features, namely a finger-like extension of the terminal dendrite of horizontal cells within the cone pedicles with dense material lining its tip and part of the shaft. The number of spinules within a given section of a cone pedicle was counted and related to the number of synaptic ribbons within this pedicle (8). This spinules per ribbon (spr) value was determined for a minimum of 30 pedicles in the ventral and dorsal part of each retina, in three to six animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinules are spine-like protrusions of the horizontal cell dendrites invaginating the cone pedicles and are part of the synaptic complex within the pedicles. Their formation is triggered by light adaptation, and their formation correlates with the appearance of color-opponent light responses in horizontal cells that are not present in darkadapted retinas, where spinules are absent (8,9). During light adaptation, the spatial organization of the receptive field of horizontal cells also undergoes typical changes, and the contribution of the center is markedly enhanced (2,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina

Weiler

Schultz²,

Pottek³

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Ambient light conditions affect the morphology of synaptic elements within the cone pedicle and modulate the spatial properties of the horizontal cell receptive field. We describe here that the effects of retinoic acid on these properties are similar to those of light adaptation. Intraorbital injection of retinoic acid into eyes of dark-adapted carp that subsequently were kept in complete darkness results in the formation of numerous spinules at the terminal dendrites of horizontal cells, a typical feature of light-adapted retinae. The formation of these spinules during light adaptation is impaired in the presence of citral, a competitive inhibitor of the dehydrogenase responsible for the generation of retinoic acid in vivo. Intracellularly recorded responses of horizontal cells from dark-adapted eyecup preparations superfused with retinoic acid reveal typical light-adapted spatial properties. Retinoic acid thus appears to act as a lightsignaling modulator. Its activity appears not to be at the transcriptional level because its action was not blocked by actinomycin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina

Weiler

Schultz²,

Pottek³

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Horizontal cells are known to undergo structural changes between light-and dark-adapted states of the retina [i.e., spinule formation and dissolution (36,37)], but dopamine does not appear to be the primary agent responsible for these morphological changes (38). On the other hand, it is well established that dopamine modulates several physiological properties of horizontal cells via activation of protein kinase A (see Introduction).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine induces neurite retraction in retinal horizontal cells via diacylglycerol and protein kinase C.

Rodrigues

Dowling

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Dopamine causes a significant retraction of neurites of bull-head catfish horizontal cells maintained in culture. The effects of dopamine are blocked by haloperidol and SCH 23390, a D1 antagonist, but not by sulpiride, a D2 antagonist. The dopamine-induced morphological changes were mimicked by SKF 38393, a D1 agonist, but not by quinpirole, a D2 agonist. Kainate also caused process retraction, but other neuroactive substances tested including glutamate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, N-methyl-D-aspartate, y-aminobutyric acid, and glycine caused only minor changes in neurite length. Cyclic AMP analogues do not induce neurite retraction in horizontal cells, indicating that this effect of dopamine is not mediated by cyclic AMP. However, a protein kinase C activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and synthetic diacylglycerol analogs (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and dioctanoglycerol) caused marked neurite retraction. Their effects, as well as the dopamine-induced changes, were blocked by staurosporine, a potent protein kinase antagonist. The results suggest that dopamine causes neurite retraction by the activation of protein kinase C via diacylglycerol. Dopamine exerts multiple effects on teleost horizontal cells (reviewed in ref. 1). It decreases light responsiveness of the cells by modifying a glutamate conductance (2); it reduces electrical coupling between the cells by decreasing gap junctional conductance (3), and it depresses 'y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from the cells by an unknown mechanism (4). All of these effects are mediated by cyclic AMP, which activates cyclic AMP-dependent kinases (protein kinase A) in teleost horizontal cells.We have been studying the effects of neuroactive substances on process outgrowth of teleost horizontal cells maintained in culture and have found that dopamine causes a significant and reversible retraction of their neurites. Cyclic AMP analogues do not affect neurite retraction in these cells, indicating that this effect of dopamine is not mediated by cyclic AMP. Following on a recent report that phorbol esters stimulate spinule formation in teleost horizontal cells (5), we have studied the effects of a phorbol ester, diacylglycerol analogues, and protein kinase inhibitors on process outgrowth in cultured catfish horizontal cells. The results suggest that dopamine causes retraction of processes in horizontal cells by activating phospholipase C, resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). MATERIALS AND METHODSCell Culture. Methods for the isolation and culture of teleost horizontal cells have been described (6). Darkadapted eyes from young bull-head catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) were dissected and quickly rinsed in ethanol (70%).The retinas were isolated under red dim light and incubated for 40 min at room temperature (20'C) in Leibowitz's medium (L-15) (GIBCO) containing 60-70 units of papain per ml (Worthington) activated with L-cysteine. The retinas were washed with fresh L-15 and triturated with disposable glass pipett...

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“…At this point, the direct light response of the M-cone is compensated by the feedback signal the M-cone receives from the MHCs. The location of the neutral point strongly depends on the adaptational state (Weiler & Wagner, 1984;Djamgoz et al 1988) and the stimulus intensity used. Based on the experiments illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic characteristics of the feedback signal from horizontal cells to cones in the goldfish retina

Kamermans¹,

Kraaij²,

Spekreijse

2001

The Journal of Physiology

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The dynamic properties of the microcircuitry formed by cones and horizontal cells in the isolated goldfish retina were studied. Cones project to horizontal cells and horizontal cells feed back to cones via a relatively slow negative feedback pathway. The time constant of the feedback signal in cones and of the effect this feedback signal had on the responses of second‐order neurons was determined using whole‐cell patch clamp and intracellular recording techniques. It was found that the feedback signal in cones had a time constant of around 80 ms, whereas the time constant of the effect this feedback signal had on the second‐order neurons ranged from 36 to 116 ms. This range of time constants can be accounted for by the non‐linearity of the Ca2+ current in the cones. In depolarized cones, the feedback‐mediated response in second‐order neurons had a similar time constant to that of the direct light response of the cone, whereas in hyperpolarized cones, the time constant of the feedback‐mediated response in second‐order neurons was considerably larger. Further, it was shown that there was no delay in the feedback pathway. This is in contrast to what has been deduced from the response properties of second‐order neurons. In one type of horizontal cell, the responses to red light were delayed relative to the responses to green light. This delay in the second‐order neurons can be accounted for by the interaction of the direct light response of the medium‐wavelength‐sensitive cones (M‐cones) with the feedback response of the M‐cones received from the horizontal cells.

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Light-dependent change of cone-horizontal cell interactions in carp retina

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

Retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina

Retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina

Dopamine induces neurite retraction in retinal horizontal cells via diacylglycerol and protein kinase C.

The dynamic characteristics of the feedback signal from horizontal cells to cones in the goldfish retina

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