Light behind the curtain: photoregulation of nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics in plants

Perrella, Giorgio; Kaiserli, Eirini

doi:10.1111/nph.14269

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…In these studies, the components that are internalised within NBs are referred to as 'seed' molecules, e.g. RNA and chromatin, and are thought to aid regulation of stress responses and coordinate cellular dynamics in changing environments [1][2][3]41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these distributions one can calculate some basic averaged quantities: the mean number of NBs in a nucleus is approximatively 6 and the mean volume of an NB is 0.55 μm 3 , corre sponding to a sphere with diameter approximately 1 μm. Thus, given that the diameter of a molecule is on the order of nanometers, it is clear that a micron sized NB must consist of a huge number of molecules (approximately 10 6 -10 9 ).…”

Section: Experimental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some prominent cases, sub-compartmental pools of proteins, both within the cytosol and nucleus, can be distinguished and addressed visually by microscopic techniques (for example, see figures 1(A) and (B) or the examples within [1,2]). The formation of so-called nuclear bodies (NBs), in particular, is thought to be crucial for transcriptional regulation and chromatin dynamics, as has been observed in both mammalian and plant cells [1,3]. However, how such large structures within the nuclei of cells (in some cases observed to be between 1 and 2 μm [4]) form spontaneously is currently an open question, particularly in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight into nuclear body formation of phytochromes through stochastic modelling and experiment

et al. 2018

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Spatial relocalization of proteins is crucial for the correct functioning of living cells. An interesting example of spatial ordering is the light-induced clustering of plant photoreceptor proteins. Upon irradiation by white or red light, the red light-active phytochrome, phytochrome B, enters the nucleus and accumulates in large nuclear bodies (NBs). The underlying physical process of nuclear body formation remains unclear, but phytochrome B is thought to coagulate via a simple protein-protein binding process. We measure, for the first time, the distribution of the number of phytochrome B-containing NBs as well as their volume distribution. We show that the experimental data cannot be explained by a stochastic model of nuclear body formation via simple protein-protein binding processes using physically meaningful parameter values. Rather modelling suggests that the data is consistent with a two step process: a fast nucleation step leading to macroparticles followed by a subsequent slow step in which the macroparticles bind to form the nuclear body. An alternative explanation for the observed nuclear body distribution is that the phytochromes bind to a so far unknown molecular structure. We believe it is likely this result holds more generally for other nuclear body-forming plant photoreceptors and proteins. PAPEROriginal content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight into nuclear body formation of phytochromes through stochastic modelling and experiment

et al. 2018

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“…New methods are now robustly adapted for plants to reveal greater details of functional nuclear and nucleolar organization. Due to the increasing realization that spatial organization is a crucial part of biological function at the subcellular level, many of these aspects have been recently reviewed (Meier, 2016;Perrella and Kaiserli, 2016;Grob and Grossniklaus, 2017;Meier et al, 2017;Thorpe and Charpentier, 2017;Yang et al, 2017). Here, we focus on the developments of the past two years that have revealed exciting new connections between nuclear organization and dynamic plant adaptations during development and environmental responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic Changes in Plant Nuclear Organization in Response to Environmental and Developmental Signals

et al. 2017

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ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4141-5400 (I.M.).In both plants and animals, the nucleus acts as an organizing center for the changes that occur during an organism's life cycle, whether as part of a developmental program or in response to environmental factors. Here, we cover recent research that explores roles of the nucleus other than gene expression in light response, fertilization, plant-pathogen interactions, bacterial symbiotic events, and hormone signaling. New strides have been made in understanding subnuclear organization, how nuclear organization responds to different environments and developmental stages, and how the cytoplasm-nucleoplasm connections are made that allow these responses. We further highlight new tools that have been developed to study dynamic changes in nuclear organization.The nucleus is compartmentalized by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope (NE), which consists of the outer nuclear membrane (ONM), the inner nuclear membrane (INM), and the embedded nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The NPC is the primary pathway of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and is conserved throughout eukaryotes. The ONM and INM are populated by a variety of membrane-associated proteins, and in particular the inner membrane hosts a specific subset of proteins (Starr and Fridolfsson, 2010;Meier et al., 2017). In addition to functioning in nuclear morphology, chromatin attachment, and likely signal transduction, plant NE-associated proteins are involved in nuclear positioning and movement within the larger cellular context (Griffis et al., 2014). While plant nuclear ultrastructure reveals an inner nuclear membrane-associated meshwork similar to the animal lamina, plant genomes do not encode obvious lamin homologs. Instead, plant-specific long coiled-coil proteins with structural similarity to animal lamins might contribute to this meshwork. Plants also lack centrosomes, and the NE plays a role as the microtubuleorganizing center at the onset of mitosis. NE proteins functioning as calcium channels are involved in perinuclear calcium oscillations, which are an important step in the establishment of plant-symbiont interactions (recently reviewed in Meier et al., 2017).While the nuclear periphery is emerging as an essential organizing platform for the nucleus, intranuclear functional and structural organization might also originate from independent self-assembly processes, with the most conspicuous manifestation of these processes revealed as the nucleolus. New methods are now robustly adapted for plants to reveal greater details of functional nuclear and nucleolar organization. Due to the increasing realization that spatial organization is a crucial part of biological function at the subcellular level, many of these aspects have been recently reviewed

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“…Light has been shown to induce changes to nuclear size and architecture that correlate with 325 transcriptional changes (Bourbousse et al, 2015;Perrella and Kaiserli, 2016). A specific light-326 regulated loci, CAB, was shown to relocate to the nuclear periphery just before transcriptional 327 induction in a PHYA, PHYB, PIFs, COP1 and DET1-dependent manner (Feng et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Retrograde Signals Navigate the Path to Chloroplast Development

2017

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Light behind the curtain: photoregulation of nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics in plants

Cited by 54 publications

References 142 publications

Insight into nuclear body formation of phytochromes through stochastic modelling and experiment

Insight into nuclear body formation of phytochromes through stochastic modelling and experiment

Dynamic Changes in Plant Nuclear Organization in Response to Environmental and Developmental Signals

Retrograde Signals Navigate the Path to Chloroplast Development

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