Light based synthesis of metallic nanoparticles on surface-modified 3D printed substrates for high performance electronic systems

Esfahani, Reza N.; Shuttleworth, Matthew P.; Doychinov, Viktor; Wilkinson, Nathan J.; Hinton, Jack; Jones, Thomas D. A.; Ryspayeva, Assel; Robertson, I.D.; Marqués-Hueso, José; Desmulliez, Marc Phillipe Yves; Harris, Russell A.; Kay, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101367

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A YPP-15,031 (Yamamoto Plating Tester Co., Ltd.) was used as the rectifier for the electroforming. Table 1 lists the basic configuration of the electroforming bath used in this study; the concentration of nickel sulfamate tetrahydrate in the bath (nickel sulfamate 900, JX Metal Shoji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was 600 g/dm 3 . The boric acid in the bath (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) was prepared at a concentration of 30 g/dm 3 .…”

Section: Metal Structure Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 lists the basic configuration of the electroforming bath used in this study; the concentration of nickel sulfamate tetrahydrate in the bath (nickel sulfamate 900, JX Metal Shoji Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was 600 g/dm 3 . The boric acid in the bath (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) was prepared at a concentration of 30 g/dm 3 . The pH of the electroforming bath was 4.0 ± 0.1, and the temperature of the electroforming bath was 40 ± 2 • C. The temperature was controlled by a temperature-control unit.…”

Section: Metal Structure Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fields such as electronic-equipment manufacturing, biotechnology, and medicine, miniaturization and large-scale integration of systems are advancing, and process technology is being used to upgrade the functions of materials, substrates, and microdevices [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. This development includes the demand for various structures with complex shapes, such as three-dimensional structures for realizing effective microregional chemical reactions, mixing, and analyses in various fields, including biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMSs) and micro total analysis systems (µTASs) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

et al. 2022

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It is difficult to fabricate three-dimensional structures using semiconductor-process technology, because it is based on two-dimensional layered structure fabrication and the etching of thin films. In this study, we fabricated metal structures that can be dynamically deformed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional shapes by combining patterning using photolithography with electroforming technology. First, a resist structure was formed on a Cu substrate. Then, using a Ni sulfamate electroforming bath, a Ni structure was formed by electroforming the fabricated resist structure. Finally, the resist structure was removed to release the Ni structure fabricated on the substrate, and electroforming was used to Au-plate the entire surface. Scanning-electron microscopy revealed that the structure presented a high aspect ratio (thickness/resist width = 3.5), and metal structures could be fabricated without defects across the entire surface, including a high aspect ratio. The metallic structures had an average film thickness of 12.9 µm with σ = 0.49 µm, hardness of 600 HV, and slit width of 7.9 µm with σ = 0.25 µm. This microfabrication enables the fabrication of metal structures that deform dynamically in response to hydrodynamic forces in liquid and can be applied to fields such as environmental science, agriculture, and medicine.

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Section: Metal Structure Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Structure Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

et al. 2022

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“…Such elastomers can be modified or synthesized to demonstrate self-healing properties or good skin adhesion [147], [148]. Printing methods commonly used include inkjet [149], [150], screen [151], stencil, molding [140], [141] and extrusion-based (that we have been exploring in our Centre due to their simplicity) [152]- [154] and other 3D printing technologies [155], [156], as well as roll-to-roll contact printing approaches, such as gravure, flexographic printing [11] and transfer printing methods. Another interesting and very promising approach that we have been exploring is laserinduced graphitization of polyimide films and the transfer of the conductive structures on elastomers [157]- [159].…”

Section: Recent Advancements In Bioimpedance Sensor Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioimpedance Sensors: A Tutorial

Kassanos

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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Electrical bioimpedance entails the measurement of the electrical properties of tissues as a function of frequency. It is thus a spectroscopic technique. It has been applied in a plethora of biomedical applications for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. In this tutorial, the basics of electrical bioimpedance sensor design will be discussed. The electrode/electrolyte interface is thoroughly described, as well as methods for its modelling with equivalent circuits and computational tools. The design optimization and modelling of bipolar and tetrapolar bioimpedance sensors is presented in detail, based on the sensitivity theorem. Analytical and numerical modelling approaches for electric field simulations based on conformal mapping, point electrode approximations and the finite element method (FEM) are also elaborated. Finally, current trends on bioimpedance sensors are discussed followed by an overview of instrumentation methods for bioimpedance measurements, covering aspects of voltage signal excitations, current sources, voltage measurement front-end topologies and methods for computing the electrical impedance.

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“…[16] As a result, metallization of 3D-printed plastic has recently become popular due to several advantages such as lightweight, design flexibility, and reduction of manufacturing costs. Several techniques have been used for metallization of AM-printed polymers, such as physical vapor deposition, [17,18] electroless plating, [19][20][21][22][23] and incorporation of conductive components to a 3D-printable polymer matrix. [15,24,25] Despite this, there is a growing need for selective metallization of 3D-printed polymers to allow for fabrication of customized and complex designs of fully functional electronic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimaterial 3D Printing Technique for Electronic Circuitry Using Photopolymer and Selective Metallization

et al. 2022

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Herein, a 3D printing technique to enable the manufacturing of selectively plated polymer objects by photopolymer printing and copper metallization is presented. Metallized plastic has become popular in a number of industries due to its lightweight, flexibility of design, and cost‐effective fabrication. Common metallization techniques require multiple pretreatment steps, such as surface etching, sensitization/activation, and acceleration. The proposed method, by eliminating the sensitization step, allows selective metallization of 3D‐printed samples by direct plating. The method relies on the inclusion of silver seeds into a mixture of acrylate‐ and methacrylate‐based monomers and oligomers, which enables direct electroless copper metallization following 3D printing. Ag(I) ions act as catalytic sites for copper deposition. Copper films grown with embedded 2 and 4 wt% Ag(I) seeds reach thicknesses of 5.7 ± 1.2 and 7.7 ± 1.3 μm, respectively. Furthermore, printing with pristine and silver‐modified resins on the same sample allows selective plating: only the modified resin is plated leaving the pristine resin unaffected. A proof‐of‐concept temperature sensor is manufactured to demonstrate the performance of the printed interconnects.

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Light based synthesis of metallic nanoparticles on surface-modified 3D printed substrates for high performance electronic systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

Bioimpedance Sensors: A Tutorial

Multimaterial 3D Printing Technique for Electronic Circuitry Using Photopolymer and Selective Metallization

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