Light and Lighting Systems for Horticultural Plants

Cathey, H. M.; Campbell, L. E.

doi:10.1002/9781118060759.ch10

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Artificial lighting has been used to grow vegetables for almost 150 years [5]. Due to its higher electrical efficiencies and relatively broad emission spectrum that was suitable for a wide range of plant species [6], high-pressure lamps such as high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, have been popular in growth chambers and greenhouses since 1950s. The 400-watt high HPS lamps have also been used by our team to grow vegetable for research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources

He¹,

Qin²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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A major challenge for growing vegetables in an indoor vertical farming system will be supplying not only sufficient quantity but also quality of light. It has been reported that yield of crops is enhanced under appropriate combination of red and blue light compared with red light alone. This project aims to investigate the effects of different combinations of red and blue. Plants were cultured for a 12-h photoperiod at 210 µmol•m -2 •s -1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light-emitting diodes (LED). The R:B-LED ratios are: 1) 100:0 (0B); 2) 92:8 (8B); 3) 84:16 (16B) and; 4) 76:24 (24B). All combined RB-LEDs significantly increased light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs sat) and productivity compared with those under 0B. Results suggested that 16B was the most suitable combination of LEDs to achieve the highest productivity for B. alboglabra. To further substantiate these results, comparative studies were conducted under equal photoperiod and PPFD among 16B (RB-LED), white LED (RBW-LED) and high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Shoot, root biomass, leaf number, leaf mass per area and Asat were higher in plants under HPS lamps and RB-LED, than under RBW-LED. However, gs sat was lower under RB-LED and RBW-LED, than under HPS lamps. Plants under RB-LED had higher electron transport rate and photochemical quenching but lower non-photochemical quenching than those under RBW-LED and HPS lamps. Thus, these results more conclusively affirmed that 16B was the most suitable light source to achieve the highest photosynthetic capacities. The findings of this study could also be used in vertical farming to achieve the highest productivity of vegetable crops such as B. alboglabra within the shortest growth cycle with reduced energy consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources

He¹,

Qin²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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“…Electric lamps such as fluorescent, high-pressure sodium (HPS), and metal halide (MH) have been used for decades to grow plants in controlled environments (Sager and McFarlane, 1997;Wheeler, 2008). Typically, HPS and MH lamps are high-powered (e.g., 400 to 1000 W) and act as relative ''point'' sources that can create light distribution challenges (Cathey and Campbell, 1980). Depending on the lamp and ballast type, these arc-discharge lamps can have a relatively short operational life [e.g., less than 5000 h for very high output (VHO) fluorescent; up to 25,000 h for HPS], which translates to high operation and maintenance costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-emitting Diode Light Transmission through Leaf Tissue of Seven Different Crops

Massa

Graham

Haire

et al. 2015

horts

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Significant advances in controlled-environment (CE) plant production lighting have been made in recent years, driven by rapid improvements in light-emitting diode (LED) technologies. Aside from energy efficiency gains, LEDs offer the ability to customize the spectrum delivered to a crop, which may have untold benefits for growers and researchers alike. Understanding how these specific wavebands are attenuated by plant tissue is important if lighting engineers are to fully optimize systems for CE plant production. In this study, seven different greenhouse and field crops (radish, Raphanus sativus ‘Cherry Bomb II’; red romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa ‘Outredgeous’, green leaf lettuce, Lactuca sativa ‘Waldmann’s Green’; pepper, Capsicum annuum ‘Fruit Basket’; soybean, Glycine max ’Hoyt’; cucumber, Cucumis sativus ‘Spacemaster’; canola, Brassica napus ‘Westar’) were grown in CE chambers under two different light intensities (225 and 420 μmol·m−2·s−1). Intact, fully expanded upper canopy leaves were used to determine the level of light transmission, at two to three different plant ages, across seven different wavebands with peaks at 400, 450, 530, 595, 630, 655, and 735 nm. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) environment that plants were grown in affected light transmission across the different LED wavelengths in a crop-dependent manner. Plant age had no effect on light transmission at the time intervals examined. Specific waveband transmission from the seven LED sources varied similarly across plant types with low transmission of blue and red wavelengths, intermediate transmission of green and amber wavelengths, and the highest transmission at the far-red wavelengths. Higher native PPF increased anthocyanin levels in red romaine lettuce compared with the lower native PPF treatment. Understanding the differences in light transmission will inform the development of novel, energy-saving lighting architectures for CE plant growth.

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“…For some tests, the number of lamps was doubled providing even higher light intensity. To my knowledge, these were some of first controlled environment agricultural systems to push occurred over the intervening decades, including the use of high-intensity discharge lighting systems to achieve higher light intensities (Cathey and Campbell, 1980), plant spacing approaches to reduce wasted light (Prince and Bartok, 1978;Davis, 1985), use of hydroponic cultivation to eliminate water and nutrient stress (Resh, 1989), and the practice of CO 2 enrichment to increase photosynthetic rates and yields (Porter and Grodzinski, 1985;Grodzinski, 1992). This led to steady increases in productivities with plants / crops making them competitive with algae.…”

Section: Plants For Space Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

128

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Light and Lighting Systems for Horticultural Plants

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources

Light-emitting Diode Light Transmission through Leaf Tissue of Seven Different Crops

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

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Light and Lighting Systems for Horticultural Plants

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown &lt;i&gt;Brassica alboglabra&lt;/i&gt; Bailey under Different Light Sources

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown &lt;i&gt;Brassica alboglabra&lt;/i&gt; Bailey under Different Light Sources

Light-emitting Diode Light Transmission through Leaf Tissue of Seven Different Crops

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources

Photosynthetic Capacities and Productivity of Indoor Hydroponically Grown <i>Brassica alboglabra</i> Bailey under Different Light Sources