Light and Electron Microstructure of a Sarcocystis Sp. from the Malaysian Long-Tailed Monkey, Macaca Fascicularis

Sp, Kan; Prathap, K.; As, Dissanaike

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.634

Cited by 16 publications

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“…In Malaysia, sarcocystosis has been reported in wild animals, such as slow loris [25], rodents [26], and long-tailed monkeys [27,28]. Worldwide, sarcocysts have been found in many types of wild animals as discussed before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Sarcocystosis among Wild Captive and Zoo Animals in Malaysia

et al. 2010

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Sarcocystis sp. infection was investigated in 20 necropsied captive wild mammals and 20 birds in 2 petting zoos in Malaysia. The gross post-mortem lesions in mammals showed marbling of the liver with uniform congestion of the intestine, and for birds, there was atrophy of the sternal muscles with hemorrhage and edema of the lungs in 2 birds. Naked eye examination was used for detection of macroscopic sarcocysts, and muscle squash for microscopic type. Only microscopically visible cysts were detected in 8 animals and species identification was not possible. Histological examination of the sections of infected skeletal muscles showed more than 5 sarcocysts in each specimen. No leukocytic infiltration was seen in affected organs. The shape of the cysts was elongated or circular, and the mean size reached 254 × 24.5 mm and the thickness of the wall up to 2.5 mm. Two stages were recognized in the cysts, the peripheral metrocytes and large numbers of crescent shaped merozoites. Out of 40 animals examined, 3 mammals and 5 birds were positive (20%). The infection rate was 15% and 25% in mammals and birds, respectively. Regarding the organs, the infection rate was 50% in the skeletal muscles followed by tongue and heart (37.5%), diaphragm (25%), and esophagus (12.5%). Further ultrastructural studies are required to identify the species of Sarcocystis that infect captive wild animals and their possible role in zoonosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In Malaysia, sarcocystosis was reported in humans [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and domestic and wild animals [25][26][27][28]. The incidence of Sarcocystis infection in wild captive zoo animals in Malaysia is relatively unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystosis among Wild Captive and Zoo Animals in Malaysia

et al. 2010

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“…At the same time, animals that are caught in these cages usually end up as their food, as they have limited means to go to town to buy meat. In Malaysia, Sarcocystis cyst have been reported from various nonhuman primates such as rodent [43] – [48] , slow loris [49] , buffalo [50] – [52] , long-tailed macaque [53] , [54] , snake [55] , cattle [52] and zoo animals [56] . With the exception of the study conducted by Lau et al [55] , all human and non-human studies in Malaysia were regarded as muscular sarcocystosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

et al. 2014

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have been documented among these minority groups since 1938. However the prevalence of STH is still high among these communities. Most studies tend to consider the Orang Asli (indigenous) as a homogenous group. In contrary, different subtribes have their own cultural practices. To understand this variation better, we studied the prevalence and associated factors of STH and other gut parasitic infections among two common subtribes (i.e. Temuan and Temiar). Results showed that the prevalence of the overall STH infections was higher in the Temuan subtribe (53.2% of 171) compared to the Temiar subtribe (52.7% of 98). Trichuris trichiura (46.2%) was the most prevalent parasite in the Temuan subtribe, followed by Ascaris spp. (25.7%) and hookworm (4.1%). In contrast, Ascaris spp. (39.8%) was more prevalent among the Temiar subtribe, preceded by T. trichiura (35.7%) and finally hookworm (8.3%). There were also co-infections of helminthiasis and intestinal protozoa among both Temuan and Temiar subtribes with rates being three times higher among the Temiar compared to Temuan. The most common co-infection was with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 24; 24.5%, 16.0–33.0), followed by Giardia spp. (n = 3; 3.1%, −0.3–6.5). In Temuan, STH infection individuals were also infected with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (n = 11; 6.4%, 5.0–13.8), Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 3, 1.8%, −0.2–3.8) and Giardia spp. (n = 2, 1.2%, −0.4–2.8). In comparison, there was no Cryptosporidium spp. detected among the Temiar. However, it was interesting to note that there was an occurrence of co-infection of intestinal helminthiasis and sarcocystosis (intestinal) in a Temiar individual. The last report of sarcocystosis (muscular) among the Orang Asli was in 1978. The present study highlighted the importance of understanding the variation of infections amongst the different Orang Asli subtribes. It is vital to note these differences and use this knowledge to customise effective control measures for the various subtribes.

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“…Previous light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the human sarcocyst have suggested that there is some similarity to sarcocysts found in Macaca fascicularis (Malaysian longtailed macaque). [2][3][4] More recently, nucleotide sequences of the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) have been widely used for Sarcocystis species identification in cattle, bison, and water buffalo. 5,6 Using this method, Tian and others showed that S. nesbitti found in M. fascicularis shares the closest genetic identity with Sarcocystis species in snakes, suggesting that the snake may be a definitive host for S. nesbitti.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis nesbitti Infection in Human Skeletal Muscle: Possible Transmission from Snakes

Lau¹,

Chang²,

Tan³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Sarcocystis nesbitti is an intracellular protozoan parasite found as sarcocysts within muscle fibers of intermediate hosts (monkey and baboon). The definitive host is suspected to be the snake. We report two cases from a larger cohort of 89 patients who had fever, headache, and generalized myalgia after a trip to Pangkor Island, Malaysia. Sarcocysts were detected in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens by light and electron microscopy from these two patients. DNA sequencing based on the 18S ribosomal DNA region identified the Sarcocystis species as S. nesbitti. We also identified S. nesbitti sequences in the stools of a snake (Naja naja). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences form a cluster with most of the other known Sarcocystis species for which the snake is a definitive host. We believe these two patients were likely to have symptomatic acute muscular sarcocystosis after S. nesbitti infection that may have originated from snakes.Sarcocystis species are an intracellular protozoan with a life cycle based on a prey-predator relationship in which various animal species serve as either intermediate or definitive hosts, respectively. Asexual development occurs in the intermediate host after ingestion of sporocysts produced by the definitive host and excreted in the feces. Ingestion of sarcocysts found in the muscles of the intermediate host by the predator definitive host completes the life cycle.1 Humans serve as the definitive hosts for Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis after eating improperly cooked, sarcocyst-infected meat from intermediate hosts (cattle and pigs, respectively). Furthermore, humans can also serve as accidental intermediate hosts for some Sarcocystis species of hitherto unknown origin. In these cases, it is assumed that humans became infected through food or drinks contaminated by sporocysts, resulting in skeletal muscle sarcocystosis. Human sarcocystosis is reported to be widely distributed. 361

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Light and Electron Microstructure of a Sarcocystis Sp. from the Malaysian Long-Tailed Monkey, Macaca Fascicularis

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Sarcocystosis among Wild Captive and Zoo Animals in Malaysia

Sarcocystosis among Wild Captive and Zoo Animals in Malaysia

Neglected Tropical Diseases among Two Indigenous Subtribes in Peninsular Malaysia: Highlighting Differences and Co-Infection of Helminthiasis and Sarcocystosis

Sarcocystis nesbitti Infection in Human Skeletal Muscle: Possible Transmission from Snakes

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