Light and Electron Microscopy of the Intracellular Inclusions of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus

Martelli, G. P.; Castellano, M. A.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-13-1-133

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…However, the presence of other components such as nucleic acids has also been reported (Shepherd, 1979;Kamei et al, 1969). The presence of RNA in the viroplasms is suggested by light microscopy of histochemically stained leaf material (Martelli & Castellano, 1971). Bernhard's EDTA technique stained the matrix of viroplasms strongly, which suggests that RNA is present in the viroplasms in large amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical inclusion bodies, which in appearance resemble structures associated with some animal viruses (Stoltz, 1973), are called 'viroplasms'. These inclusions are essentially proteinaceous and are thought by some authors to be the factories for vifion assembly (Martelli & Castellano, 1971). The DNA sequence of the Cabb-S isolate was reported by Franck et al (1980), who suggested six putative coding regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Cytology of Two Isolates of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus

Xiong

Balázs

Lebeurier

et al. 1982

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Cytology of Two Isolates of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus

Xiong

Balázs

Lebeurier

et al. 1982

Journal of General Virology

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“…It has been argued that aphid-transmitted viruses must be released from the stylet into the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells (Martin et al, 1997; Marchetti et al, 2009) to enable virus multiplication (Martelli and Castellano, 1971; Shalla et al, 1980) and the stylet tip must therefore reside in the cytoplasm during the entire cell-probing period (Powell et al, 2006). This view excludes stylet piercing of the tonoplast.…”

Section: Secretion Of Gel and Watery Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

2016

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Gel and watery saliva are regarded as key players in aphid–pIant interactions. The salivary composition seems to be influenced by the variable environment encountered by the stylet tip. Milieu sensing has been postulated to provide information needed for proper stylet navigation and for the required switches between gel and watery saliva secretion during stylet progress. Both the chemical and physical factors involved in sensing of the stylet’s environment are discussed. To investigate the salivary proteome, proteins were collected from dissected gland extracts or artificial diets in a range of studies. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of either collection method. Several proteins were identified by functional assays or by use of proteomic tools, while most of their functions still remain unknown. These studies disclosed the presence of at least two proteins carrying numerous sulfhydryl groups that may act as the structural backbone of the salivary sheath. Furthermore, cell-wall degrading proteins such a pectinases, pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, and cellulases as well as diverse Ca2+-binding proteins (e.g., regucalcin, ARMET proteins) were detected. Suppression of the plant defense may be a common goal of salivary proteins. Salivary proteases are likely involved in the breakdown of sieve-element proteins to invalidate plant defense or to increase the availability of organic N compounds. Salivary polyphenoloxidases, peroxidases and oxidoreductases were suggested to detoxify, e.g., plant phenols. During the last years, an increasing number of salivary proteins have been categorized under the term ‘effector’. Effectors may act in the suppression (C002 or MIF cytokine) or the induction (e.g., Mp10 or Mp 42) of plant defense, respectively. A remarkable component of watery saliva seems the protein GroEL that originates from Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate symbiont of aphids and probably reflects an excretory product that induces plant defense responses. Furthermore, chitin fragments in the saliva may trigger defense reactions (e.g., callose deposition). The functions of identified proteins and protein classes are discussed with regard to physical and chemical characteristics of apoplasmic and symplasmic plant compartments.

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“…Apparent virus inoculation by salivation during sub-phase II-1 (Martin et al, 1997;Powell, 2005;Marchetti et al, 2009;Tjallingii et al, 2010) and virus ingestion during sub-phase II-3 (Martin et al, 1997;Marchetti et al, 2009) seem to provide compelling evidence for salivation and ingestion during the sub-phases in question. As virus multiplication occurs in the cytoplasmic space (Martelli and Castellano, 1971;Shalla et al, 1980), the stylet tip is supposed to be inserted into the cytoplasmic compartment during the entire potential drop (Powell et al, 2006). In the following, we explore if conclusions on stylet location and aphid behaviour leave room for doubts, especially because aphid behaviour during sub-phase II-2 remains unclear (Marchetti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Location Of Stylets In Cortical Parenchyma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%