Light and electron microscopic studies on the development of Hoferellus carassii (Myxosporea), the causative organism of kidney enlargement disease of goldfish.

Involvement of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Annelida) in the Transmission of Hoferellus carassii (Myxosporea: Myxozoa), the Causative Agent of Kidney Enlargement Disease(KED) of Goldfish Carassius auratus.

“…One-year life cycle of H. carassii has been confirmed from histological observations of the developmental stages; typical external symptoms of KED in goldfish appeared from autumn, spore formation started in early spring, and spore release to outside occurred with increasing water temperature in spring (Ahmed, 1974;Yokoyama et al, 1990). Based on the present results, released mature spores were thought to transmit B. sowerbyi, and transform into Neoactinomyxon sp.…”

“…to SPF-Goldfish Three fish examined after 2 months were negative for infection with H. carassii. However, multicellular plasmodia of H. carassii, which corresponded to the intracellular stage (Yokoyama et al, 1990), were found in kidney imprints from one out of the four remaining fish after 4 months. Symptoms of KED were not observed in the infected fish.…”

“…In this study, a goldfish farm pond, where KED (kindney enlargement disease) of goldfish Carassius auratus caused by Hoferellus carassii (Ahmed, 1974;Yokoyama et al, 1990) had been enzootic, was selected as the monitoring site for a survey of oligo chaetes and actinosporean infections. It is a mud based, isolated pond, about 700 m<SUP>2<SUP> in size.…”

Sporogony of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in the brown trout Salmo trutta and the role of the tertiary cell during the vertebrate phase of myxozoan life cycles

“…A similar mechanism of host-cell division correlating to the intra-cellular proliferation of cell doublets has also been proposed for Hoferellus carassii (Yokoyama et al 1990) suggesting that this process is not unique within the Myxozoa. Division of the doublet is through an open mitosis of the secondary cell followed by division of the primary cell, presumably also an open mitosis.…”

Transmission Biology of the Myxozoa

“…Carassisus auratus Yokoyama et al (1990) Myxidium giardi Systemic infection Anguilla spp. Ventura & Paperna (1984) Myxobolus artus Muscular myxobolosis Cyprinus carpio Yokoyama et al (1996) Myxobolus cerebralis Whirling disease Salmonids Hedrick et al (1998) Myxobolus cyprini Malignant anemia Cyprinus carpio Molnár & Kovács-Gayer (1985) Myxobolus koi Gill myxobolosis Cyprinus carpio Yokoyama et al (1997a) Myxobolus murakamii…”